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- W2072642019 abstract "An attempt has been made to correlate the changes in structure of the developing blastula, as revealed by electron microscopy, with events at both the molecular and cellular level. The outer surface of the early blastula is a well defined complex, similar to that seen in the fertilised egg, and comprises the highly convoluted plasma membrane which is firmly attached to a fibrous diffuse hyaline layer. The internal surfaces of the cells, where they are in contact with one another and where they line the blastocoel, are by contrast smooth and of simple structure. During development the hyaline layer condenses into two well defined layers, particularly evident after hatching; desmosomes develop between the outer edges of the cells, and a fibrous secretion occurs at the inner surface of the cells and forms a coating to the inner surface. These structural changes have been correlated with the histochemical studies of other workers which indicate the secretion of acid mucopolysaccharide and protein from the cells. The nature of the cell contacts is discussed in relation to observations on cellular activities during blastula formation; the strong attachment of the cells to the hyaline layer, and the intracellular attachment via desmosomes, are stressed as morphogenetic factors. The cells of the hatched blastula show marked radial polarity, as regards structure of the cell surfaces, staining of polysaccharides, and distribution of the internal contents of the cell. Radial polarity is also revealed by grafting experiments. It is suggested that all these polarisations may be referred back to an initial polarisation due to the original external surface complex which appears at fertilisation and the new internal surfaces formed at cleavage. The difference between these can provide the basic polarity which becomes progressively enhanced by symmetric secretion of material from the cells. The system, so conceived, is automatically self-complexing, and its complicated differentiated properties may be generated by only a few cellular activities." @default.
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- W2072642019 date "1963-04-01" @default.
- W2072642019 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2072642019 title "An electron microscope study of the development of the blastula of the sea urchin embryo and its radial polarity" @default.
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- W2072642019 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(63)90300-8" @default.
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