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- W2073169534 abstract "Abstract The Diels–Alder cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene was followed by in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy on a series of Cu-zeolite catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by exchanging FAU-, BEA- and EMT-type zeolites with copper acetate. After activation under He, the catalysts were reduced in situ at 523 K by diluted NH 3 to generate the Cu + active sites. The reaction was then carried out at 413 K after stripping NH 3 at 473 K. The catalysts with the shortest lifetimes, i.e. HFAU and 1.2CuFAU, exhibited acidic framework hydroxyl groups with IR OH stretching vibrations at 3640 and 3550 cm −1 , liberated after NH 3 stripping at 473 K. The Bronsted acid sites catalyze the oligomerization of 1,3-butadiene yielding oligomeric residues with a high CH 3 /CH 2 ratio composed of polyolefinic species and alkenyl carbocations. On the catalysts showing little deactivation, i.e. 4.9CuFAU and 6.9CuBEA, the carbonaceous deposits are the result of consecutive Diels–Alder reactions on Cu + sites, leading to polycyclic naphthenes with a low CH 3 /CH 2 ratio. The 6.7CuEMT sample, a very active catalyst with a high content of free hydroxyl groups after NH 3 stripping at 473 K, suffers from both processes of deactivation, viz. consecutive Diels–Alder reaction to polycyclic naphthenes which then transform in part into aromatics." @default.
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- W2073169534 date "1998-10-01" @default.
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- W2073169534 title "An in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR study of the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene over Cu-exchanged zeolites" @default.
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- W2073169534 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1811(98)00140-1" @default.
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