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• W2073602760 abstract "several procedures are known to modify the response of mammals to ionizing radiation. Prominent among these are methods and agents that prevent damage to the hematopoietic system and overcome endogenous bacterial invasion. It is significant that the reticuloendothelial system (RES), which shows no evidence of damage histologically even after exposures of 2,000 R or more, constitutes a major defense mechanism of the host against bacterial agents (1) and an important source of regenerating hematopoietic cells (2). Exhaustion of certain cells of RE origin has been proposed as the prime cause of death after whole-body irradiation (3). Evidence has been accumulated that implicates the participation of the RES in ho-meostatic adjustments to severe stresses and indicates that this system plays an important role in radiation recovery. Materials and Methods Young adult rats of the CF-Nelson strain (140–175 g) were used in these experiments. Whole-body irradiation was administered by a therapeutic unit operated at 200 kVp and 15 mA with a filter of 0.5 mm Cu and 1 mm Al. The half-value layer was equivalent to 0.9 mm Cu. The skin-to-target distance was 40 cm, and the dose delivered to the position of the center of the body, as measured by a Victoreen dosimeter, was 40 R/min. in air. Unanesthetized rats were irradiated in a Lucite cage on a rotating table. Animals were exposed to 750 R, a dose which produces approximately 80 to 90 per cent mortality under the prevailing conditions. Rats were made trauma-resistant (TR) by exposing them to a trauma in a modified Noble-Collip tumbling apparatus as previously described (4). With this method trauma is applied in a controlled graded manner, after which a typical picture of shock develops, uncomplicated by infection, hemorrhage, or anesthesia (5). Rats are placed in cylindrical drums with a diameter of 15 in., a depth of 8 in., and two blunt triangular projections. Eighteen drums revolve simultaneously at 40 rpm, allowing controls and experimental animals to be tumbled under identical conditions. Animals display a typical picture of shock and succumb shortly after they are removed from the drum. Rats receiving repeated sublethal doses of trauma acquire a resistance to the stress and withstand lethal doses (800–1,300 revolutions) without mortality (6). The resistant animal is able to maintain homeostasis by stabilizing its metabolic processes. Extracts of spleen and plasma were prepared as previously described (4). Pooled plasmas were adjusted to pH. 5.5, boiled for ten minutes, and filtered. Spleens were homogenized, acidified to pH 5.5, boiled, and filtered. Recipient rats were used to determine the protective effect of these extracts. Each animal received 4 subcutaneous injections over a two-day period, each consisting of 1 ml of plasma extract (equivalent to approximately 3 ml of original plasma) or 1.5 ml of spleen extract (equivalent to approximately 0.4 g of tissue)." @default.
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• W2073602760 date "1967-09-01" @default.
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• W2073602760 title "Factors That Diminish Radiation Lethality" @default.
• W2073602760 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/89.3.501" @default.
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