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• W2073995237 abstract "<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth in low birthweight neonates. <b>Design</b> Randomised, placebo controlled, two by two factorial trial. <b>Setting</b> Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. <b>Participants</b> 1717 low birthweight neonates born at the national hospital. <b>Intervention</b> Neonates who weighed less than 2.5 kg were randomly assigned to 25 000 IU vitamin A or placebo, as well as to early BCG vaccine or the usual late BCG vaccine, and were followed until age 12 months. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Mortality, calculated as mortality rate ratios (MRRs), after follow-up to 12 months of age for infants who received vitamin A supplementation compared with those who received placebo. <b>Results</b> No interaction was observed between vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccine allocation (P=0.73). Vitamin A supplementation at birth was not significantly associated with mortality: the MRR of vitamin A supplementation compared with placebo, controlled for randomisation to “early BCG” versus “no early BCG” was 1.08 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.47). Stratification by sex revealed a significant interaction between vitamin A supplementation and sex (P=0.046), the MRR of vitamin A supplementation being 0.74 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.22) in boys and 1.42 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.15) in girls. When these data were combined with data from a complementary trial among normal birthweight neonates in Guinea-Bissau, the combined estimate of the effect of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on mortality was 1.08 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.33); 0.80 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.10) in boys and 1.41 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.90) in girls (P=0.01 for interaction between neonatal vitamin A and sex). <b>Conclusions</b> The combined results of this trial and the complementary trial among normal birthweight neonates have now shown that, overall, it would not be beneficial to implement a neonatal vitamin A supplementation policy in Guinea-Bissau. Worryingly, the trials show that vitamin A supplementation at birth can be harmful in girls. Previous studies and future trials should investigate the possibility that vitamin A supplementation has sex differential effects. <b>Trial registration</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00168610." @default.
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• W2073995237 date "2010-03-09" @default.
• W2073995237 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2073995237 title "Vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth in low birthweight neonates: two by two factorial randomised controlled trial" @default.
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• W2073995237 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c1101" @default.
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