FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2074087993> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2074087993 endingPage "270" @default.
• W2074087993 startingPage "268" @default.
• W2074087993 abstract "In this issue of the journal, we re-visit the relationship of body weight with osteoarthritis (OA) in both the knee and hip joints. Body weight deserves much attention and is important in OA because it is a potentially modifiable risk factor for knee1Felson D.T. An update on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of osteoarthritis.Radiol Clin North Am. 2004; 42: 1-9Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (427) Google Scholar and hip OA2Lohmander L.S. Gerhardsson dV. Rollof J. Nilsson P.M. Engstrom G. Incidence of severe knee and hip osteoarthritis in relation to different measures of body mass: a population-based prospective cohort study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68: 490-496Crossref PubMed Scopus (274) Google Scholar. Furthermore, increases in overweight and obesity have been seen worldwide over the past several decades3Popkin B.M. Gordon-Larsen P. The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 28: S2-S9Crossref PubMed Scopus (1053) Google Scholar. Studies by Aaboe et al. on weight loss in knee OA4Aaboe J. Bliddal H. Messier S.P. Alkjaer T. Henriksen M. Effects of an intensive weight loss program on knee joint loading in obese adults with knee osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011; 9: 822-828Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (105) Google Scholar, recently published, and Apold et al on weight gain in hip OA5Apold H. Meyer H.E. Espehaug B. Nordsletten L. Havelin L.I. Flugsrud G.B. Weight gain and the risk of total hip replacement a population-based prospective cohort study of 265,725 individuals.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2011; 19: 809-815Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (30) Google Scholar provide valuable insight into the relationship between weight change and OA. The study by Aaboe et al. examined the effect of a weight loss intervention on knee joint loading during walking in 157 obese men and women with symptomatic radiographic or arthroscopic knee OA enrolled in “The Influence of Weight Loss or Exercise on Cartilage in Obese Knee OA Patients (The CAROT Trial).” The participants completed an intensive 16-week dietary weight loss program consisting of either a low energy diet (810 kcal/day) or a very low energy diet (415 kcal/day) of formula only for the initial 8 weeks then a hypo-energetic diet (approximately 1200 kcal/day) of normal food and meal replacements for the remaining 8 weeks. This diet was accompanied by nutrition education and behavior therapy to encourage adherence, with the goal of reducing initial body weight by at least 10%. The authors showed that with a mean weight loss of 13.2%, knee joint loading decreased during walking; specifically, effects were seen in peak compressive force, axial impulse, and knee abductor moment. Given that obesity is largely believed to cause knee OA through increased forces on the joint, these results suggest that weight loss may alter the biomechanical forces on the joint, thereby potentially preventing worsening of disease. While very low energy diets are effective for rapid weight-loss, long term maintenance of this weight-loss is likely no different than maintenance of weight loss achieved through low energy diets with conventional foods6Tsai A. Wadden T. The evolution of very-low-calorie diets: an update and meta-analysis.Obesity. 2006; 14: 1283-1293Crossref PubMed Scopus (240) Google Scholar, implying that the effects of weight loss on biomechanics may diminish over time as weight is re-gained. Interestingly, after weight loss, the mean self-selected gait speed increased and knee pain decreased, both of which can increase joint loads. In this study, the authors accounted for the increased gait speed at follow-up and concluded that the relief of pain did not affect changes in joint load. They speculated that the decreases in joint load from weight loss were stronger than any potential increases in joint load related to relief of joint pain. Whether relief of joint pain in knee OA is beneficial or serves to accelerate the OA process has long been debated7Eckstein F. Cotofana S. Wirth W. Nevitt M. John M.R. Dreher D. et al.Painful knees have greater rates of cartilage loss than painless knees after adjusting for radiographic disease stage: data from the OA initiative.Arthritis Rheum. 2011; Google Scholar, 8Ding C. Cicuttini F. Jones G. Do NSAIDs affect longitudinal changes in knee cartilage volume and knee cartilage defects in older adults?.Am J Med. 2009; 122: 836-842Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar, most recently in association with dramatic pain relief observed with biologic agents targeting nerve growth factor9Lane N.E. Schnitzer T.J. Birbara C.A. Mokhtarani M. Shelton D.L. Smith M.D. et al.Tanezumab for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis of the knee.N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 1521-1531Crossref PubMed Scopus (514) Google Scholar. These issues are critical and demonstrate the complexity of relationships among joint load, gait speed, pain, obesity, and knee OA. As such, it is critical to pay attention to the interplay of such issues as we strive to develop, and understand the mechanisms behind efficacious interventions, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic, for OA. One could speculate that our interventions by definition must be multi-faceted, and those that only address part of the picture, i.e., pain, but do not simultaneously address biomechanics and the need for weight loss, will be doomed to failure over the long-term. The observational study by Apold et al. examined weight change, specifically weight gain, in relation to total hip replacement (THR) for primary hip OA, a condition in which the relationship between body weight and OA is not as clear as in knee OA. In this analysis, 265,725 men and women from the National Health Screening Service (currently the Norwegian Institute of Public Health) were examined for weight change between two screening time points from 1963 to 1975 and later from 1974 to 1997. Data from these individuals were then merged with data on THR for primary hip OA from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register between 1989 through 2006, giving an average follow-up time of 15 years. The authors report that among men and women who were less than 20 years old at the initial screening, compared to those in the lowest quartile for weight gain during the two measurement time points, those in the highest quartile were more than twice as likely to have a THR. The authors also show that this association was weaker with older ages at the initial screening and concluded that weight gain at a younger age may be particularly important in influencing the need for a THR later in life. Both of these studies illustrate how the study of weight change is both important and challenging to study in OA. In the weight loss intervention study by Aaboe et al., obese participants were able to lose greater than 10% of their weight through an intensive weight reduction program. Though this amount of weight loss is certainly feasible, in practice, individuals tend to re-gain some or all of the weight lost through such interventions10Anderson J. Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies.Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 74: 579-584PubMed Scopus (859) Google Scholar, 11Weiss E.C.E. Weight Regain in U.S. adults who experienced substantial weight loss, 1999–2002.Am J Prev Med. 2007; 33: 34-40Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (216) Google Scholar. Beyond the weight loss itself, this study reveals the potential effects of weight loss upon knee biomechanics, pain, and gait speed. The results of this study suggest that by reducing knee joint forces and pain, weight loss of at least 10% may prevent or delay knee OA progression, though this has not been demonstrated. The results also imply that these changes in biomechanics are likely to be efficacious over the long-term, if at all, only for those who maintain a healthy weight. Indeed, the Arthritis, Diet, and Activity Promotion Trial (ADAPT), an 18-month intervention, failed to demonstrate an effect of the reduction in knee joint forces on radiographic knee OA progression despite showing that >5% weight loss (average of −10.2% in this group) compared to either <5% weight loss or no weight loss/weight gain was associated with lower knee joint compressive loads12Messier S.P. Legault C. Loeser R.F. Van Arsdale S.J. Davis C. Ettinger W.H. et al.Does high weight loss in older adults with knee osteoarthritis affect bone-on-bone joint loads and muscle forces during walking?.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011; 19: 272-280Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (95) Google Scholar. Here is where much more research needs to be done to understand how to optimize such an outcome. The relationship of body weight over time in relation to both knee and hip OA is critical, especially given the high prevalence of childhood obesity13Ogden C.L. Carroll M.D. Curtin L.R. McDowell M.A. Tabak C.J. Flegal K.M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004.JAMA. 2006; 295: 1549-1555Crossref PubMed Scopus (7397) Google Scholar, 14Ogden C.L. Carroll M.D. Curtin L.R. Lamb M.M. Flegal K.M. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007–2008.JAMA. 2010; 303: 242-249Crossref PubMed Scopus (2419) Google Scholar. The weight gain study by Apold et al. suggests that weight gain earlier in life may be associated with increased risk of developing hip OA later in life, an observation that portends increases in hip OA in the future. Also, if the mechanism of weight on hip OA development is primarily through a biomechanical pathway, then the quantity of weight and duration for which it is carried can be important, neither of which has been well studied nor is easy to describe. The work by Apold et al. has several strengths, including examining a large cohort with repeated height and weight measurements over a span of 40 years, yet examining weight change over time is challenging for several reasons. Because weight is dynamic, weight change occurring during a period of time prior to an outcome but with multiple years of follow-up may not account for the changes in weight that might occur after the weight measurements were recorded. For example, in the study by Apold et al., weight change was assessed initially at 1963–1975 and then again at 1974–1997 and the participants were followed from 1989 to 2006. However, it is unknown whether any changes in weight were observed during the follow-up that may have influenced hip arthroplasty. Therefore, studies examining weight change over time, especially if the follow-up period is long, may provide greater insight with additional measurements of weight. Another issue in the methodology of studying weight change over many years is differentiating between birth cohort and period effects, where the relation of weight with an outcome may comprise an effect of the year one was born as well as an effect of the environment (technology, social norms, etc.) at the time of study. For example, the increases in obesity in the US emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s15Kuczmarski R.J. Flegal K.M. Campbell S.M. Johnson C.L. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991.JAMA. 1994; 272: 205-211Crossref PubMed Scopus (2415) Google Scholar, 16Flegal K.M. Carroll M.D. Ogden C.L. Curtin L.R. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008.JAMA. 2010; 303: 235-241Crossref PubMed Scopus (5323) Google Scholar, with developing countries showing increased prevalence in the decades following3Popkin B.M. Gordon-Larsen P. The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 28: S2-S9Crossref PubMed Scopus (1053) Google Scholar, in the setting of changes in diet and activity patterns. It is possible that some of the effect observed by Apold et al. may be related to the birth cohort and/or the changing environment in recent decades in addition to age of weight gain. Indeed, in the US, a trend towards increasing obesity in those born more recently has been described17McTigue K.M. Garrett J.M. Popkin B.M. The natural history of the development of obesity in a cohort of young U.S. adults between 1981 and 1998.Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136: 857-864Crossref PubMed Scopus (223) Google Scholar, though this has not been studied in relation to OA. As OA onset occurs later in life, lengthy follow-up times are common, but assessment of weight change from an early age may be misleading if growth is still occurring. In this study, men in the youngest group with a mean age of 17.8 years at the initial screening would be expected to gain some height and weight between the two screenings until they have completed growth. Though the use of BMI rather than absolute weight change may alleviate this problem, consideration of growth, and at the other end of the age spectrum, changes in body composition with aging, is needed when studying weight change. In addition to these study design concerns, normal weight fluctuation can provide statistical challenges in regression analyses because repeated weight measurements are subject to a phenomenon known as regression to the mean18Campbell D.T. Kenny D.A. A Primer on Regression Artifacts. Guilford Press, New York1999Google Scholar, which can create statistical artifact and therefore misleading regression estimates. Despite these challenges, studies that help tease out the effects of increasing obesity and obesity earlier in life are needed. Studying young people for conditions that occur later in life, such as hip OA, adds another layer of complexity. Young people may have other reasons for having a hip replacement, such as a congenital disorder or having experienced other conditions during childhood such as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Indeed, Apold et al. reported that 197 women and 120 men aged 17–20 years at the initial screening went on to have a THR during the follow-up. The mean age at the end of follow-up for these women and men was 54.7 and 54.6 years, respectively. THR for primary hip OA is usually more common at older ages, suggesting that there may be other unmeasured factors contributing to the need for a THR in some of these individuals. Whether there is an interaction between weight change and these pre-disposing THR factors is unknown. These studies provide valuable insight into the relationship between body weight and OA of the knee and hip and suggest that the interplay between weight, biomechanics, and OA is intricate and deserves our attention. Weight change appears to be both a predisposing as well as a therapeutic factor. With increases in obesity world-wide and the difficulty for individuals to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, we must continue to explore and understand these relationships to reduce the burden of OA. Both authors (LMA and JMJ) were involved in the drafting and editing of this editorial. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors thank the Editors of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage for the opportunity to comment on the important work done by Aaboe et al. and Apold et al. in relation to weight change in knee and hip OA. The authors received no funding support for this work." @default.
• W2074087993 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2074087993 creator A5036149017 @default.
• W2074087993 creator A5071112392 @default.
• W2074087993 date "2012-04-01" @default.
• W2074087993 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2074087993 title "Weight change in osteoarthritis" @default.
• W2074087993 cites W1966155856 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W1971445485 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W1988682659 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2001790018 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2010661339 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2020978245 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2046859247 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2071411038 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2076816724 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2080962562 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2083140947 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2092509345 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2097309757 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2134905207 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2135808538 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W2170656944 @default.
• W2074087993 cites W4240225536 @default.
• W2074087993 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2011.11.017" @default.
• W2074087993 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22178466" @default.
• W2074087993 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
• W2074087993 type Work @default.
• W2074087993 sameAs 2074087993 @default.
• W2074087993 citedByCount "5" @default.
• W2074087993 countsByYear W20740879932015 @default.
• W2074087993 countsByYear W20740879932016 @default.
• W2074087993 countsByYear W20740879932020 @default.
• W2074087993 countsByYear W20740879932022 @default.
• W2074087993 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2074087993 hasAuthorship W2074087993A5036149017 @default.
• W2074087993 hasAuthorship W2074087993A5071112392 @default.
• W2074087993 hasBestOaLocation W20740879931 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConcept C142724271 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConcept C1862650 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConcept C204787440 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConcept C2776164576 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConcept C99508421 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConceptScore W2074087993C142724271 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConceptScore W2074087993C1862650 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConceptScore W2074087993C204787440 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConceptScore W2074087993C2776164576 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConceptScore W2074087993C71924100 @default.
• W2074087993 hasConceptScore W2074087993C99508421 @default.
• W2074087993 hasIssue "4" @default.
• W2074087993 hasLocation W20740879931 @default.
• W2074087993 hasLocation W20740879932 @default.
• W2074087993 hasOpenAccess W2074087993 @default.
• W2074087993 hasPrimaryLocation W20740879931 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2050963703 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2181886466 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2741060451 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2756280738 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2897343059 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2969537950 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W2976301780 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W3108912619 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W3116499819 @default.
• W2074087993 hasRelatedWork W3173342584 @default.
• W2074087993 hasVolume "20" @default.
• W2074087993 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2074087993 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2074087993 magId "2074087993" @default.
• W2074087993 workType "article" @default.