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- W2074400488 abstract "Electroosmotic dewatering of sedimented and drained samples of Na, Ca, Al, H and Cu kaolinites and Na, Ca, Al and H montmorillonites commenced at 1 V for Na, H and Cu clays, at 512—10 V for Ca clays, and at 25 V for Al clays which did not dewater appreciably until > 160 V was applied. This reflected the relative binding strengths for cations of increasing valency at the surfaces of clay particles. A high dewatering efficiency for the current in H and Cu clays and a near-neutral pH for the electroosmosis water were observed. For Cu kaolinite, copper electrodes performed better than mild steel, which in turn were better than carbon electrodes. No such variation was found in previous work on Na kaolinite. It is proposed that H and Cu ions are easily discharged at the cathode, while, for the strongly electropositive Na, Ca, and Al cations, electroosmosis is maintained mainly by electrolysis of water, making the outflow alkaline except where hydroxy—aluminium complexes are formed. The swelling clays did not dewater by electroosmosis as well as the non-swelling clays, but the difference was small compared with the relative hydraulic permeabilities. Sweiling clay gels reached 46–51 wt% solids by electroosmosis, in contrast to < 10 wt% solids from centrifuging at 30,000 G. The overall energy required for dewatering, being dependent on the total volume of water removed, was significantly greater for swelling clays because of their low initial wt% solids. Cation-replacement by Al (using aluminium salts) effectively transformed Na or H swelling clay gels at 3 wt% solids to non-swelling sediments draining to 26–27 wt%. The Ca montmorillionite formed by ion-exchange with calcium salts sedimented and drained to 9 wt% solids. Such ion-exchange would greatly reduce the volume of water that might have to be extracted by electroosmosis in attaining a given wt% solids. Ion-exchange also occurred during electroosmosis with aluminium electrodes; Na montmorillonite dewatered more efficiently from the 3 wt% get to 15–18 wt% solids using aluminium in place of carbon electrodes, and better still when aluminium salts were also added at the anode. The Al montmorillonite thereby formed was resistant to further electro-osmotic dewatering, but it was not harder than the product using carbon electrodes (at the same wt% solids) so that there was no evidence for electro-chemical cementation." @default.
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- W2074400488 date "1983-04-01" @default.
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- W2074400488 title "Electroosmotic dewatering of clays, III. Influence of clay type, exchangeable cations, and electrode materials" @default.
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- W2074400488 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(83)80017-1" @default.
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