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• W2075565526 startingPage "431" @default.
• W2075565526 abstract "Urban transit is a socially contested space. In 1940s Canada it provided a platform for negotiating gender relations, as these related to ‘sexual harassment,’ the rights of smokers and shoppers, as well as the employment of women drivers, conductors, and passenger guides. Unprecedented crowding forced men and women to invade each other’s space (women hitherto having avoided the men’s smoking section in the rear), producing unwanted physical contact and questioning of male ‘chivalry.’ Acrimonious debate erupted over the rush-hour presence of bundle-laden shoppers (stereotyped female) and of smokers (stereotyped male). Reviled, both shoppers and smokers would seek a postwar refuge in the automobile. Meanwhile, the introduction of women ‘platform workers’ in 1943 proved remarkably uncontroversial with the passengers of the handful of Canadian systems daring enough to use them. Though successful, especially in tram work, the women were removed from the platforms at war’s end. Significantly, the Toronto Transportation Commission bucked this trend. Unusually open to women workers during the war, for almost fifty years afterwards it kept its female guides. Although these passenger-helpers performed a traditionally ‘feminine’ service role, they were an innovation that helped the TTC to become possibly the sole North American transit operator to increase its ridership in the quarter- century after the war. The guides made its system more welcoming to women, a vital component of the off-peak riders who have determined the financial viability, thus service levels, of mass urban transit. Abstract: Le transport urbain represente un espace ouvert a la contestation sociale. Dans le Canada des annees 1940, il a offert une tribune ou negocier les relations hommes-femmes, en ce qui concerne le «harcelement sexuel», les droits des fumeurs et des clientes de magasins ainsi que l’embauche de personnel feminin pour les emplois de chauffeurs, de chefs de train et d’aides aux voyageurs. Une densite de passagers sans precedent forca les hommes et les femmes a envahir l’espace des autres (les femmes ayant jusque-la evite la section «fumeurs» a l’arriere des wagons), ce qui amena un contact physique non recherche et une remise en question de la «galanterie» masculine. La presence aux heures de pointe de clientes chargees de paquets (stereotypes du sexe feminin) et de fumeurs (stereotypes du sexe masculin) souleva un debat acrimonieux. Vilipendes, clientes et fumeurs allerent chercher apres la guerre un refuge dans l’automobile. Dans la meme periode, il fut surprenant que l’introduction d’« employes de quai» de sexe feminin en 1943 souleva si peu de controverse de la part des passagers des rares systemes canadiens de transport en commun suffisamment audacieux pour les embaucher. Malgre leur reussite, en particulier sur les lignes de tramway, les femmes furent retirees des quais a la fin de la guerre. La Toronto Transportation Commission resista a cette tendance. Ayant fait preuve d’une ouverture inhabituelle envers l’embauche feminine durant la guerre, elle conserva ses aides feminines aux voyageurs pendant presque les cinquante ans qui suivirent. Si ces aides aux passagers jouaient un role de service traditionnellement «feminin», elles n’en constituaient pas moins une innovation qui aida la TTC a devenir peut-etre l’unique societe de transport en commun en Amerique du Nord a augmenter sa clientele dans les vingt-cinq annees qui suivirent la guerre. Les aides rendaient le systeme de transport plus accueillant pour les femmes; celles-ci representaient une tranche cruciale des usagers de la periode hors pointe et c’est cette tranche qui determina la viabilite financiere, et donc le niveau de services, du transport en commun urbain." @default.
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• W2075565526 date "1998-09-01" @default.
• W2075565526 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2075565526 title "A Platform for Gender Tensions: Women Working and Riding on Canadian Urban Public Transit in the 1940s" @default.
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• W2075565526 doi "https://doi.org/10.3138/chr.79.3.431" @default.
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