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• W2076018308 abstract "Embryonic stem (ES) cells, like all cell types, are defined by their unique transcriptional signatures. The ability of ES cells to self-renew or exit the pluripotent state and enter differentiation requires extensive changes in their transcriptome and epigenome. Remarkably, transcriptional programs governing each cell fate must remain sufficiently malleable so that expression of only a handful of transcriptional activators can override the pre-existing state by collaborating with an unexpectedly elaborate collection of coactivators to specify, restrict and stabilize the new state. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how the same coactivator can interpret multiple lines of information encoded by different activators and integrate signals from diverse regulators into stem cell-specific transcriptional outputs. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, like all cell types, are defined by their unique transcriptional signatures. The ability of ES cells to self-renew or exit the pluripotent state and enter differentiation requires extensive changes in their transcriptome and epigenome. Remarkably, transcriptional programs governing each cell fate must remain sufficiently malleable so that expression of only a handful of transcriptional activators can override the pre-existing state by collaborating with an unexpectedly elaborate collection of coactivators to specify, restrict and stabilize the new state. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how the same coactivator can interpret multiple lines of information encoded by different activators and integrate signals from diverse regulators into stem cell-specific transcriptional outputs. an ATP-dependent protein complex that disrupts and reforms histone–DNA contacts to facilitate nucleosome shifting along a piece of DNA, reorient DNA around histone octamers, position nucleosomes on the DNA, and/or exchange histones. an evolutionarily conserved set of protein or protein complexes (TFIIA, B, D, E, F and H) that, together with RNA polymerase II, form the pre-initiation complex (PIC) that is responsible for the transcription of almost all eukaryotic mRNA and miRNA genes. protein or protein complex that deposits or removes post-translational modifications on histone cores and/or tails. Known modifications of histones include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, citrullination, glycosylation, propionylation, butyrylation, proline cis–trans isomerization, ADP-ribosylation, and proteolysis. a zinc-coordinating domain of 50–80 amino acids that anchors PHD-containing proteins to unmodified or various forms of modified lysines on the histone H3 tail (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me0). a protein that recognizes and binds a specific DNA motif in the promoter and/or enhancer region of a given gene, and can mediate gene activation or repression. a protein or protein complex that mediates transcriptional activation or repression via interaction with general and/or sequence-specific transcription factors. a transcriptional cofactor that enhances transcription of a target gene. a transcriptional cofactor that represses transcription of a target gene." @default.
• W2076018308 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2076018308 creator A5007556906 @default.
• W2076018308 creator A5026304050 @default.
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• W2076018308 creator A5082330841 @default.
• W2076018308 date "2012-06-01" @default.
• W2076018308 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2076018308 title "Transcriptional regulation by coactivators in embryonic stem cells" @default.
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• W2076018308 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2012.04.002" @default.
• W2076018308 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3371141" @default.
• W2076018308 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22572610" @default.
• W2076018308 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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