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- W2076082893 abstract "Five classes of sex expression are distinguished in Cotula on the basis of the degree of separation of male and female gametes on different flowers and plants. These classes are divided into sexually monomorphic and dimorphic systems. The order–monocliny, gynomonoecy, monoecy, subdioecy, dioecy–places the five classes in a linear sequence of increasing dependence for fertilization on the transfer of pollen between flowers and plants. Four of the five major taxonomic groups in Cotula and five species have more than one class of sex expression. The four monoecious and gynomonoecious species tested are self-compatible. The morphology of hermaphrodite, male and female florets are compared. Seven additional characters are associated with sex expression in New Zealand species. In general, the extent of protogyny, brightness of flowers, degree of retraction of stigmas and anthers, floret length, head diameter, peduncle length and the number of pollen grains increase from gynomonoecious through monoecious to dimorphic (dioecious or subdioecious) populations. But within each kind of sex expression there is considerable variation in these ancillary characters. A MAS (measurements associated with sex expression) index is calculated from the four quantitative characters for each New Zealand species (or part-species where there are two kinds of sex expression in a species). The MAS index reflects the expenditure of energy on adaptations to cross-pollination and provides an approximate measure of the relative frequency of outbreeding. The MAS indices of the species and part-species indicate a continuous array in the expression of adaptations to cross-pollination and the frequency of outbreeding. The different kinds of sex expression occupy characteristic but overlapping segments of this array and ought to be considered as convenient classes which only specify the breeding system approximately." @default.
- W2076082893 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2076082893 date "1972-11-01" @default.
- W2076082893 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W2076082893 title "BREEDING SYSTEMS IN COTULA L. (COMPOSITAE, ANTHEMIDEAE)." @default.
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- W2076082893 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1972.tb01996.x" @default.
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