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• W2076119024 abstract "Abstract Objective To determine if children aged 1–6 years from non-Western immigrant families have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels than children from Western-born families and examine which factors influence this relationship. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Toronto, Canada. Subjects Healthy children ( n 1540) recruited through the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of non-Western immigrants were compared with those of children from Western-born families. Children from non-Western immigrant families were defined as those born, or their parents were born, outside a Western country. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify factors which might influence this relationship. Results Median age was 36 months, 51 % were male, 86 % had ‘light’ skin pigmentation, 55 % took vitamin D supplements, mean cow's milk intake was 1·8 cups/d and 27 % were non-Western immigrants. Median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 83 nmol/l, with 5 % having 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l. Univariable analysis revealed that non-Western immigrant children had serum 25(OH)D lower by 4 (95 % CI 1·3, 8·0) nmol/l ( P = 0·006) and increased odds of 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l (OR = 1·9; 95 % CI 1·3, 2·9). After adjustment for known vitamin D determinants the observed difference attenuated to 0·04 (95 % CI −4·8, 4·8) nmol/l ( P = 0·99), with higher cow's milk intake ( P < 0·0001), vitamin D supplementation ( P < 0·0001), summer season ( P = 0·008) and increased age ( P = 0·04) being statistically significant covariates. Vitamin D supplementation was the strongest explanatory factor of the observed difference. Conclusions There is an association between non-Western immigration and lower 25(OH)D in early childhood. This difference appears related to known vitamin D determinants, primarily vitamin D supplementation, representing opportunities for intervention." @default.
• W2076119024 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2076119024 date "2013-05-24" @default.
• W2076119024 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2076119024 title "Non-Western immigrant children have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D than children from Western families" @default.
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• W2076119024 doi "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001328" @default.
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