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- W2076582945 abstract "Prey employ various strategies to avoid predators, including use of structurally complex habitat where predator foraging efficiency can be reduced. We used laboratory experiments to quantify combined effects of antipredator behavior and habitat provided by zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) shells on survivorship of snails (Physella heterostropha) co-occurring with molluscivorous fish. First we determined predator effects on prey habitat use in aquaria with and without Dreissena-shell beds (i.e., ceramic tiles with and without shells attached to them, respectively) by comparing snail distribution in the absence of fish and in the presence of chemical cues produced from redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) preying on snails. Effectiveness of shell beds and other habitats as refuges from actual predation were then evaluated by introducing fish to aquaria that previously received chemical cues, and recording numbers of snails remaining in various habitats 24 h later. Shells and fish had strong independent and interactive effects on snail habitat use. A greater % of snails inhabited tiles when shells were present than when they were absent, and this occurred regardless of the absence or perceived presence of fish. However, fish cues caused snails to increase use of shell beds. In an additional experiment, we found that snails under predation risk also altered their microdistribution within shell beds by abandoning exposed shell surfaces in favor of interstices between shells where they were less vulnerable to fish. The combination of protective shell habitat and antipredator behavior caused snail survivorship to be 8-fold greater in the treatment with shells and fish than in the same predator treatment without shells. Our results suggest that avoidance of predators through use of zebra mussel beds is an important mechanism for the positive Dreissena effects on co-occurring benthic invertebrates that have been observed in field studies." @default.
- W2076582945 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2076582945 date "1999-06-01" @default.
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- W2076582945 title "Dreissena-Shell Habitat and Antipredator Behavior: Combined Effects on Survivorship of Snails Co-Occurring with Molluscivorous Fish" @default.
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- W2076582945 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1468465" @default.
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