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• W2076732852 endingPage "e1005079" @default.
• W2076732852 startingPage "e1005079" @default.
• W2076732852 abstract "X chromosome inactivation (XCI) silences most genes on one X chromosome in female mammals, but some genes escape XCI. To identify escape genes in vivo and to explore molecular mechanisms that regulate this process we analyzed the allele-specific expression and chromatin structure of X-linked genes in mouse tissues and cells with skewed XCI and distinguishable alleles based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using a binomial model to assess allelic expression, we demonstrate a continuum between complete silencing and expression from the inactive X (Xi). The validity of the RNA-seq approach was verified using RT-PCR with species-specific primers or Sanger sequencing. Both common escape genes and genes with significant differences in XCI status between tissues were identified. Such genes may be candidates for tissue-specific sex differences. Overall, few genes (3–7%) escape XCI in any of the mouse tissues examined, suggesting stringent silencing and escape controls. In contrast, an in vitro system represented by the embryonic-kidney-derived Patski cell line showed a higher density of escape genes (21%), representing both kidney-specific escape genes and cell-line specific escape genes. Allele-specific RNA polymerase II occupancy and DNase I hypersensitivity at the promoter of genes on the Xi correlated well with levels of escape, consistent with an open chromatin structure at escape genes. Allele-specific CTCF binding on the Xi clustered at escape genes and was denser in brain compared to the Patski cell line, possibly contributing to a more compartmentalized structure of the Xi and fewer escape genes in brain compared to the cell line where larger domains of escape were observed." @default.
• W2076732852 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2076732852 date "2015-03-18" @default.
• W2076732852 modified "2023-10-07" @default.
• W2076732852 title "Escape from X Inactivation Varies in Mouse Tissues" @default.
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• W2076732852 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005079" @default.
• W2076732852 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4364777" @default.
• W2076732852 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25785854" @default.
• W2076732852 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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