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• W2076989265 abstract "Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that contain premature translation termination codons (PTCs) are targeted for rapid degradation in all eukaryotes tested. The mechanisms of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) have been described in considerable detail [1Maquat L.E. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: Splicing, translation and mRNP dynamics.Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004; 5: 89-99Crossref PubMed Scopus (913) Google Scholar, 2Wormington M. Zero tolerance for nonsense: Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay uses multiple degradation pathways.Mol. Cell. 2003; 12: 536-538Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar], but the biological roles of NMD in wild-type organisms are poorly understood. mRNAs of wild-type organisms known to be degraded by NMD (“natural targets” of NMD) include by-products of regulated alternative splicing [3Morrison M. Harris K.S. Roth M.B. smg mutants affect the expression of alternatively spliced SR protein mRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997; 94: 9782-9785Crossref PubMed Scopus (75) Google Scholar, 4Mitrovich Q.M. Anderson P. Unproductively spliced ribosomal protein mRNAs are natural targets of mRNA surveillance in C. elegans.Genes Dev. 2000; 14: 2173-2184Crossref PubMed Scopus (142) Google Scholar, 5Sureau A. Gattoni R. Dooghe Y. Stevenin J. Soret J. SC35 autoregulates its expression by promoting splicing events that destabilize its mRNAs.EMBO J. 2001; 20: 1785-1796Crossref PubMed Scopus (217) Google Scholar, 6Staiger D. Zecca L. Kirk D.A. Apel K. Eckstein L. The circadian clock regulated RNA-binding protein AtGRP7 autoregulates its expression by influencing alternative splicing of its own pre-mRNA.Plant J. 2003; 33: 361-371Crossref PubMed Scopus (164) Google Scholar], out-of-frame mRNAs derived from unproductive gene rearrangements [7Baumann B. Potash M.J. Kohler G. Consequences of frameshift mutations at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the mouse.EMBO J. 1985; 4: 351-359Crossref PubMed Scopus (120) Google Scholar, 8Carter M.S. Doskow J. Morris P. Li S. Nhim R.P. Sandstedt S. Wilkinson M.F. A regulatory mechanism that detects premature nonsense codons in T-cell receptor transcripts in vivo is reversed by protein synthesis inhibitors in vitro.J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 28995-29003Crossref PubMed Scopus (246) Google Scholar], cytoplasmic pre-mRNAs [9He F. Peltz S.W. Donahue J.L. Rosbash M. Jacobson A. Stabilization and ribosome association of unspliced pre-mRNAs in a yeast upf1- mutant.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1993; 90: 7034-7038Crossref PubMed Scopus (215) Google Scholar, 10Li Z. Paulovich A.G. Woolford Jr., J.L. Feedback inhibition of the yeast ribosomal protein gene CRY2 is mediated by the nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of CRY2 pre-mRNA.Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995; 15: 6454-6464Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar], endogenous retroviral and transposon RNAs [11Mendell J.T. Sharifi N.A. Meyers J.L. Martinez-Murillo F. Dietz H.C. Nonsense surveillance regulates expression of diverse classes of mammalian transcripts and mutes genomic noise.Nat. Genet. 2004; 36: 1073-1078Crossref PubMed Scopus (603) Google Scholar], and mRNAs having upstream open reading frames or other unusual sequence features [11Mendell J.T. Sharifi N.A. Meyers J.L. Martinez-Murillo F. Dietz H.C. Nonsense surveillance regulates expression of diverse classes of mammalian transcripts and mutes genomic noise.Nat. Genet. 2004; 36: 1073-1078Crossref PubMed Scopus (603) Google Scholar, 12Moriarty P.M. Reddy C.C. Maquat L.E. Selenium deficiency reduces the abundance of mRNA for Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase 1 by a UGA-dependent mechanism likely to be nonsense codon-mediated decay of cytoplasmic mRNA.Mol. Cell. Biol. 1998; 18: 2932-2939Crossref PubMed Scopus (187) Google Scholar, 13Welch E.M. Jacobson A. An internal open reading frame triggers nonsense-mediated decay of the yeast SPT10 mRNA.EMBO J. 1999; 18: 6134-6145Crossref PubMed Scopus (89) Google Scholar, 14Ruiz-Echevarria M.J. Peltz S.W. The RNA binding protein Pub1 modulates the stability of transcripts containing upstream open reading frames.Cell. 2000; 101: 741-751Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (141) Google Scholar]. NMD may function to eliminate aberrant PTC-containing mRNAs in order to protect cells from expression of potentially deleterious truncated proteins [15Pulak R. Anderson P. mRNA surveillance by the Caenorhabditis elegans smg genes.Genes Dev. 1993; 7: 1885-1897Crossref PubMed Scopus (374) Google Scholar, 16Cali B.M. Anderson P. mRNA surveillance mitigates genetic dominance in Caenorhabditis elegans.Mol. Gen. Genet. 1998; 260: 176-184Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar]. Pseudogenes are nonfunctional genes or gene fragments that accumulate mutations through genetic drift [17Mighell A.J. Smith N.R. Robinson P.A. Markham A.F. Vertebrate pseudogenes.FEBS Lett. 2000; 468: 109-114Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (338) Google Scholar]. Such mutations will often introduce shifts of reading frame and/or PTCs, and mRNAs of expressed pseudogenes may thus be substrates of NMD [18He F. Li X. Spatrick P. Casillo R. Dong S. Jacobson A. Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs regulated by the nonsense-mediated and 5′ to 3′ mRNA decay pathways in yeast.Mol. Cell. 2003; 12: 1439-1452Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (310) Google Scholar]. We demonstrate that mRNAs expressed from C. elegans pseudogenes are degraded by NMD and discuss possible implications for both mRNA surveillance and protein evolution. We describe an expressed pseudogene that encodes a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) within an intron and suggest this represents an evolutionary intermediate between snoRNA-encoding host genes that do or do not encode proteins." @default.
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• W2076989265 date "2005-05-01" @default.
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• W2076989265 title "mRNA Surveillance of Expressed Pseudogenes in C. elegans" @default.
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