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• W2077182388 abstract "Twenty to 30 years after passage of laws designed to eliminate racial discrimination and redlining on the part of mortgage lenders questions regarding race and lending persist. Studies regularly reveal that race and location do affect lending decisions. However, few studies examine variation in approval rates by city size, the impact of location on White and Black applicants, or racial lending patterns in a given region. The present study considers these elements of lending for one major region ofthe United States, the Southeast. Examination ofmore that 600,000 mortgage applications from 15 metropolitan areas throughout the Southeast reveals sharp disparities in mortgage approval rates between Black and White applicants. For all cities in the region Whites were more likely to gain lenders' approval than Black applicants, even when controlling for income and loan amount, although there is considerable variation among cities in the degree to which Whites fare better than Blacks. The data reveal that city size affects approval rates of Blacks but not of Whites. Furthermore, Whites seeking loans of up to $100,000 in minority areas are less likely to receive them than are Blacks requesting similar loan amounts. Also, lower-income Blacks requesting small loans for houses in minority areas are more successful than lower-income Blacks requesting small loans for dwellings in White neighborhoods. The results ofthe study point to a need for greater efforts on the part ofthe lending industry to invest in minority areas and to provide Blacks with increased opportunities for home ownership and the associated process ofcapital accumulation. Passage ofthe Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) in 1975 provided the first opportunity to examine patterns ofmortgage lending on a widespread basis. The Act and its 1989 amendments require most lenders to report a variety ofstatistics about loan applicants. These include the applicant's race, the loan amount requested, the applicant's income, the census tract in which the desired property is located, and the action taken on the application. With these data one may examine aggregate statistics related to general lending patterns in urban areas, analyze patterns based on race vis-a-vis income and loan amount requested, and study spatial variation in lending as related to poor/minority areas versus well-to-do, predominantly White areas. The issue of spatial variation is important given passage of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1977. While the Fair Housing Act (1968) and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act ( 1974) prohibit racial discrimination by lenders, the CRA requires that lending institutions meet the credit needs of the entire community, including low-income neighborhoods. The bill was enacted because ofconcerns on" @default.
• W2077182388 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2077182388 date "1999-01-01" @default.
• W2077182388 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2077182388 title "Racial Differences in Mortgage Lending in the Southeastern United States" @default.
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• W2077182388 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1999.0016" @default.
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