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- W2077463904 abstract "Abstract Spectroscopic studies may be combined synergistically with phase equilibria data and molecular thermodynamic models to provide a better understanding of supercritical solutions to aid process design. Highly compressible supercritical fluids condense about solutes to form large physical clusters. This clustering phenomena has been characterized in terms of solubilities, partial molar volumes, solvatochromic shifts in UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, Δv rxn for reversible reactions, Kirkwood-Buff solution theory, and computer simulation. In most cases, the clustering or the effect of clustering scales as the isothermal compressibility. The addition of a cosolvent, complexing agent, or surfactant to a fluid such as carbon dioxide can have large beneficial effects on solubilities and selectivities. Preferential solvation by co-solvents has been measured spectroscopically to develop and test advanced mixing rules. The complexing agent tributylphosphate increases the solubility of hydroquinone by a factor of 300. An anionic surfactant, aerosol-OT forms aggregates and reverse micelles in supercritical ethane, which can solubilize ionic substances such as tryptophan at levels of 0.4 wt %. The use of complexing agents and surfactants provides an opportunity to extend supercritical technology to hydrophilic substances, such as biomolecules." @default.
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- W2077463904 date "1989-12-01" @default.
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- W2077463904 title "Design and Characterization of the Molecular Environment in Supercritical Fluids" @default.
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- W2077463904 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(89)80339-5" @default.
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