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• W2077509546 abstract "T HE simplicity and ease of application of Gurney flaps has resulted in numerous studies to characterize their performance [1–3]. The flap itself is typically a small-scale modification consisting of a thin plate that is attached to the airfoil trailing edge on the pressure side. Its vertical height is configured to remainwithin the boundary layer; height to chord ratios are usually less then 1.5%. The effects of the flap are analogous to a conventional trailing edge device, that is, the angle of attack (AOA) for zero lift is shifted in the negative direction with a concomitant negative increase in the zero lift pitching moment coefficient. In essence the flap works by violating the Kutta condition; loading is carried to the trailing edge such that the upper and lower surface pressure distributions are effectively displaced farther apart. These effects may be interpreted as equivalent to lengthening the airfoil and increasing flow turning (aft camber) near the trailing edge. In most studies [4,5] theflap increases the profile’sminimumdrag coefficient such the sections maximum lift-to-drag ratio (L=Dmax) is reduced. At higher lift coefficients the Gurney flap equipped profile may show an increase in L=Dmax compared to the clean wing. Jeffrey et al. [6] showed experimentally the presence of periodic separation in the form of a von Karman vortex street propagating from the flap. As shown by von Karman’s analysis [7], the drag associated with a vortex street is reduced as the eddy spacing and the velocity of the vortex system diminishes. Recent studies [8,9] have shown a reduction in the drag penalty associated with Gurney addition by introducing irregularities into the Gurney surface consisting of notches, V-shaped cutouts, etc. Although thesemodifications show a lift reduction compared to a solid Gurney the associated reduction in the minimum drag coefficient yields improved L=D performance. According toMeyer et al. [9] the cutouts have the effect of producing a three-dimensional wake that diminishes the absolute instability, that is, a shedding frequency is no longer clearly discernible (the formation of the vortex street is disrupted). Any effective lift modulation device should achieve themaximum lift augmentationwith as small a drag penalty as possible. If theflap is to be used for lateral or longitudinal control (the flap may be rotated into position to alter lift), lift should bemaximizedwith respect to the projected height of the flap (as the flap height when deployed is usually fixed). Thus a modification that improves the L=D performance of the flap but reduces its lift increment may be deleterious from a control perspective. Consequently, a study has been undertaken to evaluate twoGurney flap configurations thatmay show a reduction in the minimum drag penalty with only a small decrement in lift compared to a solid flap. The flaps, shown in Fig. 1, have discontinuous forms, but when viewed in a streamwise direction appear solid. It is suggested that the configurations may generate streamwise vorticity that would serve to disrupt vortex street formation." @default.
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• W2077509546 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W2077509546 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2077509546 title "Exploratory Investigation of Geometry Effects on Gurney Flap Performance" @default.
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• W2077509546 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/1.28385" @default.
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