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- W2077864749 abstract "The large inventories of carbon in the oceanic reservoirs (Fig. 1) influence the atmospheric level of CO2, hence global climate, through various mechanisms. Exchange between the reservoirs takes place at vastly different rates. For example the annual exchange between ocean and atmosphere has been estimated to be in the order of ~ 40 × 1015 g C/yr or ~ 40 Gt C/yr (Goudriaan, 1990), i.e. the entire atmospheric CO 2 content passes through the surface ocean once every ~ 20 years. Primary productivity by marine photosynthesizing algae fixes about ~ 30 Ot C/yr but only a small part of this is involved in the annual ocean/atmosphere exchange. Even though most newly produced organic matter is recycled again within the surface ocean, the relatively small amount of ~ 3 Gt C/yr of settling biogenic debris, which escapes as export production, serves to sequester carbon into the deep ocean. Only a minute fraction of carbon arriving at the deep ocean is in turn buried in marine sediments. Nevertheless over a long geological time scale, some ~ 12 million Gt C organic matter has accumulated in deep-sea sediments, another ~ 50 million Gt C of biogenic calcareous skeletons are fixed as marine limestone. By storing all this carbon into marine deposits the marine biota have been able to achieve a very low level of CO 2 (about ~ 0.03%) in the atmosphere of planet Earth. This is anomalously low compared with the CO2-dominated atmospheres of abiotic planets Mars and Venus. During the past the small amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere has varied, likely preceded by orbital forcing (Shackleton and Pisias, 1985) and closely related to global changes of temperature" @default.
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- W2077864749 title "Ocean carbon cycle and climate change—An introduction to the interdisciplinary union symposium" @default.
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- W2077864749 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(93)90057-u" @default.
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