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• W2077936578 abstract "Abstract Transient multiphase pipeline models have found wide use in upstream oil and gas production. Such models have been successfully used to estimate such transient events as flow ramp-up, pigging, and terrain slugging. However, it is not often appreciated how much can be done using steady-state multiphase models. Such models - along with minimal additional analysis - can be used to estimate liquid flow rate, liquid hold-up and pressure drop changes that are equivalent to full transient simulations. The focus of this paper will be on the use of steady-state models to estimate transient behavior, including estimates of ramp-up and pigging slugs, as well as terrain slugging severity (including slug size and frequency). Introduction Oil and gas production are, in most cases, gas-liquid multiphase flow rather than single-phase gas or liquid flow. Both transient and steady-state flow need to be simulated to properly design such a system and safely operate it. Intuitively, one would think that steady-state models should only be used for steady-state events; transient flow models would be required to simulate transient events, such as flow ramp-up, pipeline pigging, and terrain slugging. However, this may not be always true. This paper will discuss the use of steady-state models to estimate some transient events with some additional analysis, with accuracy comparable to transient simulations. By no means do the authors advocate the use steady-state models in all instances; transient flow models are definitely recommended where either too much analysis work is required, or the accuracy is significantly compromised through the use of steady-state models. Danielson et al. (2000) discussed in more detail where transient models should be used, and where steady-state models may suffice. Some exercises of using steady-state models to estimate transient events have been conducted by previous investigators (Cunliffe, 1978; Schmidt et al., 1985; Pots et al., 1987; and Xiao and Shoup, 1998). Cunliffe (1978) used steady-state liquid inventory to predict the ramp-up slug size and condensate flow rate at pipeline receiving end during a production ramp-up in a 107-km long, 0.5-m ID wet-gas pipeline. Comparison with actual condensate flow rate data showed errors within 15%. Schmidt et al. (1985) suggested that the existence of severe slugging in a pipeline-riser system can be determined using riser pressure drop - gas flow rate plot. If the curve has a negative slope, i.e. the riser pressure drop decreases with increasing gas flow rate, then the flow in riser is unstable and severe slugging may exist if other requirements are met. If the curve has a positive slope, i.e. the riser pressure drop increases with increasing flow rate, then the flow in riser is stable and severe slugging will not occur. Pots et al. (1987) argued that the relationship between unstable riser flow and severe slugging requires additional conditions be met in addition to the criterion of Schmidt. They proposed a dimensionless number, which is the ratio of pressure buildup rate in the pipeline to that in the riser. If the ratio is above one, which means the pressure buildup in the pipeline is faster than that in the riser, then severe slugging will not occur; if the ratio is less than one, severe slugging will take place. The smaller is this pressure build-up ratio, the more severe the slugging will be. Xiao and Shoup (1998) demonstrated that steady-state models can be used to extract important information such as pig transit time, liquid build up rate behind the pig, pig exit speed, the time for the pipeline to return to steady-state after pigging. Such information is of great importance to determine the slug catcher size and pigging frequency. This paper will focus on using steady-state models to predict slug size and liquid flow rate at pipeline receiving end during a production ramp-up, slug size from pigging a pipeline (both before and after the steady-state is reached in the pipeline), and severe slugging characteristics in a pipeline-riser system including its existence, slug size, and slug frequency. For comparison purpose, OLGA®5.3 (a transient multiphase flow simulator marketed and supported by SPT Group) was used for both the steady-state and transient simulations in the present study." @default.
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• W2077936578 date "2009-10-04" @default.
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• W2077936578 title "Use of Steady State Multiphase Models To Approximate Transient Events" @default.
• W2077936578 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/123934-ms" @default.
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