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• W2078137007 abstract "Chloroquine, an antimalarial lysosomotropic base, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects and therefore used for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Given its anti-inflammatory effects, it has been under clinical trials to modify neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we examined whether chloroquine has an anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS by determining the in vitro effects of chloroquine on LPS-induced expression of cytokines by glial cells. We observed that (i) chloroquine augmented LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as lymphotoxin (LT)-beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in human astroglial cells, while the same treatment suppressed LPS-induced expression of cytokines in monocytic and microglial cells; (ii) chloroquine alone induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose- and time-dependent manner in astroglial cells; (iii) other lysosomotropic agents such as ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 had minimal effects on cytokine expression; and (iv) chloroquine induced the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in astroglial cells, which is a required component of chloroquine induction of cytokines. These results suggest that chloroquine may evoke either anti- or pro-inflammatory responses in the CNS depending on the cellular context." @default.
• W2078137007 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2078137007 date "2003-03-01" @default.
• W2078137007 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W2078137007 title "Chloroquine induces activation of nuclear factor-κB and subsequent expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human astroglial cells" @default.
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• W2078137007 doi "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01623.x" @default.
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