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- W2078246531 abstract "Local barrier height (LBH) and constant current mode (CCM) images of nonreconstructed (110) single-crystalline titanium dioxide surfaces are determined under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The barrier height measurements are performed with the tip-oscillation technique in the constant current mode (CCM) of a beetle-type scanning tunneling microscope with tunneling currents between 1 and $0.1phantom{rule{0.3em}{0ex}}mathrm{nA}$. The mean apparent height $ensuremath{phi}$ of the surface is derived as a function of the tunneling gap width. The data $ensuremath{phi}$ are in accordance with the results from $Iensuremath{-}z$ spectroscopy. A simple electrostatic space-charge layer model explains the observed decrease of the apparent height for small tunneling gaps. The LBH technique is applied to investigate the structures of point defects on $mathrm{Ti}{mathrm{O}}_{2}(110)$ and their effects on the work function on an atomic scale. We find small concentrations of vacancies of the protruding bridging oxygen atoms, giving rise to bright atomic-scale spots between the Ti rows. The barrier height images indicate a localized and reduced apparent barrier height $ensuremath{phi}$ at these sites, in correspondence to the overall decrease in the work function $ensuremath{Phi}$ that has been observed earlier in ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of ion-sputtered and reduced $mathrm{Ti}{mathrm{O}}_{2}(110)$ surfaces. Besides the oxygen vacancies, the surface reveals the presence of distinct other types of atomic-scale features, both in topographic and barrier height images. Along the Ti rows, depressions with a concentration of approximately 0.02 monolayers can be identified in the constant current as well as in the barrier height images extending over one and (to a significantly lower extent) two atomic distances along [001]. They are attributed to the so-called type-B defects and they exhibit a local increase of the work function $ensuremath{Phi}$." @default.
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- W2078246531 date "2005-06-27" @default.
- W2078246531 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2078246531 title "Local-barrier-height images ofTiO2(110)surfaces" @default.
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- W2078246531 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.235416" @default.
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