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- W2078330997 abstract "Abstract The social organization of feral horses was studied in the Rocky Mountain foothills of western Alberta, Canada, during 298 h of observation covering all months of 1976, with additional observations in 1975, 1977 and 1979. A total of 206 animals were individually described during 1976; 53% were adults, 12% two-year-olds, 17% yearling and 18% foals. The population was organized into two basic types of social groupings: harem groups, typically composed of one adult male and a variable number of females and immatures; and bachelor groups composed of excess males. Harem group size varied from 3 to 17, bachelor group size from 1 to 6. Harem groups were essentially stable all the year round, and no changes involving harem males were observed during 1976. Fifteen of 22 individuals known to have left harems in 1976 were yearlings or two-year-olds. Observed associations between bachelor males and females appeared to represent attempts by bachelors to begin their own harems. Harem and bachelor groups remained within overlapping home ranges of less than 15 km 2 during 1976. Only males interacted with individuals from other groups and no mixing of groups was observed. Male—male interactions involved staring, mutual olfactory exploration and fecal marking (and more rarely biting, kicking and chasing), followed by separation of the groups, Scent-marking was a prominent feature of the behaviour of mature males, centering around communal fecal piles, eliminations of other group members, and defecations of one or both interactants during male—male encounters. Breeding behaviour (exploratory sniffing of females, flehmen or lip-curl, copulation) was largely confined to the period 10 April–29 June in 1976; most foals also were born during this period." @default.
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- W2078330997 date "1982-03-01" @default.
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- W2078330997 title "Social organization of feral horses in western Canada" @default.
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- W2078330997 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(82)90205-x" @default.
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