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- W2078374477 abstract "Until recently, conventional wisdom has held that the lineage potential of stem cells was restricted to the tissue of origin. That is, stem cells derived from tissue A could only give rise to differentiated cells of tissue A and not to differentiated cells of tissues B, C, or D. This notion has been challenged since by a plethora of reports suggesting that stem cells have an inherent plasticity that allows them to respond to extrinsic signals present in the transplanted environment (1–3). In these studies, trans-differentiation or reprogramming has been substantiated mostly by cell morphology and/or the expression of antigenic proteins specific to the transplanted tissue environment and not to the tissue of origin. Although more rigorous criteria of functional activity and sustainable multilineage engraftment should be applied to future reports of trans-differentiation (4), if true, the phenomenon of trans-differentiation suggests that most if not all stem cells share an intrinsic genetic program that is not present in nonstem cells. Put another way, one hypothesis is that stem cells originating from different tissues may share a common genetic program responsible for maintaining them in an undifferentiated proliferative state. Once placed in a novel environment, the plastic nature of stem cells would allow them to respond to local cues and activate the appropriate differentiation pathway. Whether stem-specific genes exist or not is at present difficult to test given that the existence of stem cells itself is difficult to prove in many organ systems. In the case of neural stem cells (NSCs) of the murine central nervous system (CNS), the lack of known surface markers has hindered the prospective identification of these cells (i.e., for direct isolation of NSCs from fresh tissues). Currently, NSCs of the CNS are identified retrospectively. The existence of stem cells is inferred by the analysis …" @default.
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- W2078374477 date "2001-07-03" @default.
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- W2078374477 title "Chipping away at stem cells" @default.
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- W2078374477 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.141244198" @default.
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