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- W2078447763 abstract "Abstract The early designs of a variety of low molecular weight transmucosal penetration enhancers for improved absorption of hydrophilic drugs (e.g. peptides and proteins) hampered their commercialization, primarily because of related mechanisms of action and inherent toxicities. During the past decade, however, novel types of macromolecular penetration enhancers, such as anionic polyacrylates and cationic chitosan and chitosan derivatives, have been developed. These polymers can enhance the paracellular permeability of mucosal epithelia (intestinal, nasal) by transiently opening the tight junctions, thereby increasing the paracellular absorption of hydrophilic and macromolecular drugs. Neither of these two classes of polymers interact with mucosal cell membrane components and consequently do not enhance transcellular transport of hydrophilic compounds. The polyacrylates and chitosan derivatives show no acute toxicity and are not absorbed. These characteristics favour the conclusion that both types of polymers are safe penetration enhancers for transmucosal delivery of hydrophilic drugs and offer promising prospects for novel pharmaceutical applications." @default.
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- W2078447763 date "1998-12-01" @default.
- W2078447763 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2078447763 title "Macromolecules as safe penetration enhancers for hydrophilic drugs—a fiction?" @default.
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- W2078447763 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1461-5347(98)00100-x" @default.
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