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- W2078462482 abstract "We present the first systematic study of Ca isotopes ( δ 44/40 Ca) in Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous dinosaur bones and teeth (enamel and dentin) from sympatric herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs. The samples derive from five different localities, and data from embedding sediments are also presented. Additional δ 44/40 Ca in skeletal tissues from modern reptiles and birds (avian dinosaurs) were measured for comparison in order to examine whether the original Ca isotopic composition in dinosaur skeletal apatite was preserved or might have changed during the diagenesis and fossilization process. δ 44/40 Ca of fossil skeletal tissues range from −1.62‰ ( Tyrannosaurus rex enamel) to +1.08‰ ( Brachiosaurus brancai bone), while values in modern archosaur bones and teeth range from −1.63‰ (caiman enamel) to −0.37‰ (ostrich bone). The average δ 44/40 Ca of the three types of fossil skeletal tissue analyzed – bone, dentin and enamel – show some systematic differences: while δ 44/40 Ca in bone exhibits the highest values, while δ 44/40 Ca in enamel has the lowest values, and dentin δ 44/40 Ca falls in between. Values of δ 44/40 Ca in the remains of herbivorous dinosaurs (0.1–1.1‰) are generally higher than those of bones of modern mammalian herbivores (−2.6‰ to −0.8‰) and from modern herbivorous archosaurs, which exhibit intermediate δ 44/40 Ca (−0.8‰ to −0.4‰). These systematic isotopic shifts may reflect physiological differences between dinosaurs, mammals and reptiles representing different taxonomic groups of vertebrates. Systematic offsets in skeletal apatite δ 44/40 Ca between herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs are not obvious, indicating a lack of a clear-cut Trophic Level Effect (TLE) shift between herbivores and carnivores in dinosaurs. This observation can be explained if the carnivorous dinosaurs in this study fed mainly on soft tissues from their prey and did not ingest hard (calcified) tissue to much extent. The most striking indication that the primary δ 44/40 Ca is actually preserved in most of the fossil teeth is a difference in δ 44/40 Ca of about 0.35 ± 0.10‰ (1SD) between dentin and enamel, based upon 11 of 16 analyzed dentin-enamel pairs. This difference is close to that found in modern reptiles (0.28 ± 0.05‰), and strongly suggests that this tell-tale signature is a primary feature of the fossilized dinosaur material as well. Furthermore, simple mass balance calculations show that changes of the original δ 44/40 Ca in bones and teeth by diagenetically-formed calcium-bearing minerals are either small or would require implausible high original δ 44/40 Ca values in the skeletal apatite." @default.
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- W2078462482 date "2011-06-01" @default.
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- W2078462482 title "Calcium isotopes in fossil bones and teeth — Diagenetic versus biogenic origin" @default.
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- W2078462482 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.032" @default.
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