FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2078481021> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2078481021 endingPage "530" @default.
• W2078481021 startingPage "499" @default.
• W2078481021 abstract "The anticommunist position of the Spanish bishops was unanimous during the Spanish Civil War. Their attitude toward Nazism, however, underwent a gradual evolution, from indifference (1936-37) to concern (1938-39). This change was due, in part, to the sympathy for Germany exhibited by the Spanish Falange and, above all, to the warnings of the Holy See. It did not, however, result in a unanimous and open criticism of the Nazis. The opposition of the bishops was primarily in response to papal documents and warnings from German bishops critical of Nazism's stance against Christianity, leading the bishops to question the compatibility of totalitarian ideas and Catholicism to create the new state that Francisco Franco wanted to build in Spain.Keywords: Goma, Isidro; Nazism; Pius XI; Spanish Civil War; Spanish bishops1. The Second Spanish Republic and the Catholic ChurchIn 1930, a year before the birth of the Spanish Republic, Catholicism in Spain was in decline. Major segments of the population were indifferent or hostile to the Church, including much of the peasantry in the southern and central regions, the urban proletariat, large portions of the bourgeoisie, officials, lawyers, intellectuals, and journalists. A significant part of the country had distanced itself from the Church, but in 1930 Spain was still a Catholic confessional state that had laws protecting Catholicism and many citizens loyal to the Church due to custom, tradition, and an extensive network of Catholic charitable and educational institutions.1When the Republic was declared on April 14, 1931, the Catholic Church was in an enormously important social position.Ten days later the Vatican instructed the Spanish bishops to tell Catholics that they should obey the new regime.The bishops did so, including Cardinal Pedro Segura, the archbishop of Toledo who was well known for his loyalty to the king and his anti-Republicanism. However, two factors were to make this initial obedience into nothing more than an empty and scarcely credible formality during the five years of the Republic.2First, there were the anticlerical laws of the new government. The socialists and liberals led by Manuel Azana believed that modernizing the country would require a resolution of the question. The coalition in power between 1931 and 1933 feared the powerful Church that opposed the Republicans and was emotionally tied to the monarchy, judging its hold over the consciences of the people to be incompatible with progress and freedom. Therefore, ecclesiastical influence would have to be countered and reversed if the new Republican project were to survive and prosper. Thus, the new Constitution had a strong anticlerical bias. Moreover, a wave of laws between 1931 and 1933 sought to reduce the social hegemony of Catholicism. Among these, in particular, was the June 1933 law of religions and religious orders that denied the right of religious orders to teach in their own schools and placed ownership of Catholic churches under state control.3 The Catholic promises of obedience were unnecessary or irrelevant for the Republicans in government.The second factor was church tradition that was imbedded in the culture. Over the course of centuries, cordial relations existed between the throne and the altar.The experience of a first, brief, and unstable Republic in 1873-74 gave way to the Restoration. In the peace that Antonio Canovas del Castillo made with the Church in 1876, it was agreed that Spanish political institutions could be liberal, but, in exchange, the government promised to protect the religious monopoly of the Church in a country without religious freedom.However, this alliance was shattered in 1931. For Spanish Catholics and their bishops, the end of the monarchy meant the twilight of the secure and stable world in which they had lived. But the Republican era was not only a period of nostalgia for lost privileges but also was one of lamentation for the present, because a political-religious confrontation began in 1931 that Spanish Catholics and their bishops viewed as a persecution of their faith. …" @default.
• W2078481021 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2078481021 creator A5026249792 @default.
• W2078481021 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2078481021 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2078481021 title "The Spanish Bishops and Nazism during the Spanish Civil War" @default.
• W2078481021 cites W112386840 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W121187650 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W141496944 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1490324073 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1493324564 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1508249543 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1514685375 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1521415113 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1525180953 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1541446414 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1560514333 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1579953884 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W158371472 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W174634640 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W179578236 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W183925237 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W191664709 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1970755457 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W207695558 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W2096217280 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W2139521906 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W2171242556 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W2801144401 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W28021902 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W2908795306 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W2916761923 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W32086267 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W51492027 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W52206933 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W567399237 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W599509910 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W611083324 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W654765806 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W656392144 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W95361218 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1541500877 @default.
• W2078481021 cites W1966424946 @default.
• W2078481021 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2013.0171" @default.
• W2078481021 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
• W2078481021 type Work @default.
• W2078481021 sameAs 2078481021 @default.
• W2078481021 citedByCount "1" @default.
• W2078481021 countsByYear W20784810212015 @default.
• W2078481021 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2078481021 hasAuthorship W2078481021A5026249792 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C195244886 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C2779627614 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C5616717 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C81631423 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConcept C95457728 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C17744445 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C195244886 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C199539241 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C2779627614 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C5616717 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C81631423 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C94625758 @default.
• W2078481021 hasConceptScore W2078481021C95457728 @default.
• W2078481021 hasIssue "3" @default.
• W2078481021 hasLocation W20784810211 @default.
• W2078481021 hasOpenAccess W2078481021 @default.
• W2078481021 hasPrimaryLocation W20784810211 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W1965859606 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W2054983087 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W2094968083 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W2109715681 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W2505254212 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W2605373992 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W2899084033 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W3104018222 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W4200100555 @default.
• W2078481021 hasRelatedWork W4254714743 @default.
• W2078481021 hasVolume "99" @default.
• W2078481021 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2078481021 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2078481021 magId "2078481021" @default.
• W2078481021 workType "article" @default.