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• W2078594097 abstract "Reviewed by: The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic Erik Riker-Coleman The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic. By Chalmers Johnson. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8050-7004-4. Notes. Index. Pp. 389. $25.00. Chalmers Johnson, president of the Japan Policy Research Institute and an ex-CIA consultant who once described himself as a spear carrier for empire, created a minor stir in academic and policy circles with the publication in 2000 of his book Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, in which he argued that the U.S. had created a de facto empire during the Cold War which it then proceeded to strengthen rather than dismantle during the 1990s. Maintaining forward-deployed military forces and pushing laissez faire economic policies on both newly industrialized and developing countries alike would create unintended negative consequences—blowback—for the United States, he predicted. The September 11th attacks were arguably a dramatic illustration of what Johnson had in mind—Osama bin Laden's organization had of course grown out of the U.S.-supported international Islamicist war against the Soviet Union in [End Page 1324] Afghanistan, and was driven to deadly ire at the United States by the U.S. presence in Saudi Arabia during and after the 1991 war with Iraq. The policies pursued by the Bush administration in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks were in Johnson's eyes a radical ramping-up of the imperial project both abroad and at home, however. The attacks on New York and Washington, Johnson argues in The Sorrows of Empire, became pretexts for a vast expansion of U.S. military reach in Southwest and Central Asia and the subversion of civil liberties at home in order to perpetuate Republican rule. The Sorrows of Empire is not a particularly persuasive work. In writing it, Johnson relied heavily on news articles and opinion pieces; while one cannot expect the current events-oriented portions of the book (Johnson covers events well into 2003) to be based on much other than journalistic accounts, the background chapters are not much better. His arguments are nothing if not bold: for example, he gives credence to the allegation that the U.S. was on the verge of attacking Afghanistan prior to the terrorist attacks, noting the interest of oil companies with Bush administration connections in building a pipeline through Afghanistan. While the available evidence would seem to warrant some caution on this subject, Johnson pushes this interpretation as fact and discounts what might seem to be more obvious explanations. Although Johnson suggests that If I overstate the threat, I am sure to be forgiven because future generations will be so glad I was wrong (p. 13), assertions of this nature create a hysterical tone that distracts from the author's intended purpose of awakening Americans to the dangers posed by current policies. A particularly frustrating feature of Sorrows of Empire is Johnson's loose definition of militarism. His chapter on The Roots of American Militarism cites Alfred Vagts's A History of Militarism—a logical place to start, but not by itself a very thorough survey of a literature that would presumably be highly relevant to Johnson's subject. Consequently, Johnson's effort to establish the historical roots of American militarism is poorly informed and unsatisfying. In general, Johnson employs militarism as an epithet rather than an analytical device—Johnson deems the U.S. militarized without satisfactorily addressing the ways in which American military establishment became hypertrophied or tracing the spread of traditionally military forms through civilian institutions. As a result, The Sorrows of Empire fails to shed much light on the civil-military interactions that shaped the expansion of the military role in U.S. foreign policy during the 1990s. Sorrows of Empire may offer an enlightening window into the outrage and suspicion aroused in some segments of the American left by the post-9/11 policies of the Bush administration, and it does continue Blowback's argument regarding the economic underpinnings of American imperial designs (perhaps the most interesting part of either book, though hardly uncontroversial). That being said, the academic..." @default.
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• W2078594097 title "The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic (review)" @default.
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