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• W2078666098 abstract "In this study, 8 clients participated in interpersonal process recall interviews (N. Kagan, 1975) to review therapy sessions in which they explored problematic reactions. The reports of their recalled experience during the sessions were analyzed qualitatively by means of the grounded theory method (B. G. Glaser & A. Strauss, 1967). The analysis resulted in a model of the cognitiveaffective operations characterizing the clients' internal processes during the sessions. The model's main categories were client operations and session momentum. The 1st category subsumed the following lower order categories: symbolic representation of experience, reflexive self-examination, new realizations, and revisioning self. The 2nd category subsumed the positive and negative dimensions of the clients' experiences during the session. The theoretical and practical implications of the model are discussed. A recent development in psychotherapy process research has been the conceptualization of performance models of small episodes of therapy to identify the active ingredients of therapeutic change (Clarke, 1989; Rice & Greenberg, 1984). Rice and Saperia (1984) proposed a performance model that characterized the way in which clients resolve problematic reactions when therapists implement the technique of systematic evocative unfolding. Problematic reactions are emotional or behavioral reactions that clients feel in some way are puzzling or too extreme. For example, they might be surprised by the extent to which they feel rejected in response to casual remarks made by friends. Rice and Saperia (1984) identified four phases necessary for clients' successful resolution of problematic reactions. First, markers are identified that consist of clients' statements that they are puzzled or perplexed by their reactions to a specific situation. Second, the situations in which the clients experienced their problematic reactions are evoked through the use of concrete, vivid, and imagistic language. Third, clients identify the salient aspects of the situations that triggered their reactions and explore their affective responses or their perceptions of the stimulus situation to identify its subjective impact. Fourth, clients broaden and deepen their exploration to acquire a deeper understanding of their own mode of functioning. This last phase enables them to restructure the initial problem and gives them a sense of being able to change the situation. The method of task analysis has been used to explicate therapists' tacit knowledge of the change process and to describe clients' and therapists' performances as represented in therapy transcripts. However, the extrinsic enabling conditions, to borrow a phrase from Harre (1984), of therapeutic change have not been addressed. Consequently, clients' intrinsic enabling conditions—such as their internal operations, subjective experience, and intentionality— remain covert. A primary objective of this study was to use interpersonal process recall (IPR; Kagan, 1975) to obtain clients' reports of their subjective experiences during the exploration of problematic reactions in order to illuminate the internal cognitive-affective operations that clients engage in to resolve problematic issues and effect changes in their behavior. This model of clients' subjective experience was then compared and contrasted with the performance model (Rice & Saperia, 1984) in order to increase understanding of the change process during the change event." @default.
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• W2078666098 title "Qualitative analysis of clients' subjective experience of significant moments during the exploration of problematic reactions." @default.
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• W2078666098 doi "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.41.4.500" @default.
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