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- W207867904 abstract "Invasive techniques to assess toxic effects on specific functions of the liver are useful because they allow measurements of single physiological variables. For instance, hepatic vein catheterizations combined with arterial punctures are suitable to measure hepatic blood flow, splanchnic removal and splanchnic clearance of test compounds (Bradley et al. 1945; Munst et al. 1981). Such investigations, however, are limited to acute experiments and usually require anesthesia, which by itself might alter the processes being studied. Furthermore repetition in the same animal may be difficult. Permanent implantation of catheters within the portal vein, the aorta and the vena cava allows many studies at appropriate intervals in the rabbit without the need for anesthesia and without stress to the animal (Zysset 1980). This model is particularly well suited to evaluate toxicological effects on first-pass elimination (Zysset 1981). As a non-invasive technique properly labelled 14C- or 13C-substrates may be injected, and exhalation of labelled CO2 taken as a measure of liver function (Bircher 1979; Bircher and Preisig 1981). Such a procedure with 14C-aminopyrine as the test compound has been very effective for instance in detecting aflatoxin toxicity in the pig (Zimmermann 1981). Alternatively, after injection of some tritiated compounds hydroxylation-reactions might be followed by serial measurements of tritiated water in exhaled water vapor. When corrected for the NIH-shift, the rate of hydroxylation can be calculated (Toutoungi 1981). The advantage of such non-invasive methods lies in the possibility of applying them repeatedly and to following the time course of toxic effects on the liver even for prolonged periods of time." @default.
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- W207867904 date "1982-01-01" @default.
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- W207867904 title "In Vivo Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity by Invasive and Non-Invasive Techniques" @default.
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- W207867904 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68511-8_29" @default.
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