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• W2078708957 endingPage "541" @default.
• W2078708957 startingPage "533" @default.
• W2078708957 abstract "Living organisms undergo biochemical, physiological and behavioral cycles with periods ranging from seconds to years. Cycles with intermediate periods are governed by endogenous clocks that depend on oscillating gene expression. Here we illustrate the modalities and specific functions of post-transcriptional control of gene expression (exerted on pre-mRNAs and mRNAs) in biological clocks through two examples: the circadian clock and the vertebrate somite segmentation clock, an embryonic clock with a period far below a day. We conclude that both constitutive and cyclic post-transcriptional controls underpin clock function. Living organisms undergo biochemical, physiological and behavioral cycles with periods ranging from seconds to years. Cycles with intermediate periods are governed by endogenous clocks that depend on oscillating gene expression. Here we illustrate the modalities and specific functions of post-transcriptional control of gene expression (exerted on pre-mRNAs and mRNAs) in biological clocks through two examples: the circadian clock and the vertebrate somite segmentation clock, an embryonic clock with a period far below a day. We conclude that both constitutive and cyclic post-transcriptional controls underpin clock function. a mechanism that allows a single gene to generate several different mRNA molecules. Alternative splicing includes mutually exclusive exons (where splicing leads to the inclusion of one or other of two exons), exon skipping, intron retention, alternative 5’ or 3’ splice sites (leading to the retention of all or only part of an exon) and alternative terminal exons. a cyclicity one day in length (from Latin circa, ‘around’, and dies, ‘day’). The period of a circadian rhythm is generally 24 h when the organism is maintained under e.g. a 12 h: 12 h light:dark cycle, but can diverge when external cues are withdrawn (free-running conditions). Several parameters cycle with circadian rhythmicity, the most obvious one being the sleep–wake cycle in mammals. circadian rhythm in the absence of external cues (e.g. under constant darkness and temperature). the time required in the absence of synthesis to degrade 50% of a molecule (e.g. an mRNA). a cycle slower than 24 h (period >24 h). circulating hormone secreted by the pineal gland during the night in mammals. It relays the circadian rhythm imposed by the CNS to peripheral organs. a short double-stranded RNA, encoded by the genome, that controls gene expression at several levels. In vertebrates, a prevalent feature of miRNAs is their capacity to specifically repress the translation of target mRNAs by (limited) sequence complementarity. the time interval between two reference points (two peaks for example). Inverse of frequency. posterior, non-segmented mesoderm, in which the segmentation clock is active and from which segmented somites periodically bud off. transient embryonic repeated mesodermal structures. They are the origin of adult skeletal muscles, bones and derm. organization of the somites as repeated units along the embryonic antero-posterior axis. a region of the mammalian hypothalamus. The master circadian clock is located within the SCN. cyclicity faster than 24 h (period <24 h; e.g. the segmentation clock). an mRNA region 3’ (downstream) of the translation stop codon." @default.
• W2078708957 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2078708957 creator A5018158803 @default.
• W2078708957 creator A5046268343 @default.
• W2078708957 creator A5049703913 @default.
• W2078708957 creator A5052740971 @default.
• W2078708957 date "2010-09-01" @default.
• W2078708957 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W2078708957 title "Post-transcriptional controls – adding a new layer of regulation to clock gene expression" @default.
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