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• W2079068040 abstract "Though pollinating and wood boring insects play important roles in regeneration and decomposition processes in tropical rain forests, many such insects inhabit the forest canopy. Many methods such as chemical fogging, climbing techniques and large towers or cranes have been used to study canopy insects. A giant balloon air ship to bring researchers on a flexible raft up to the forest canopy was developed by Halle. However, each method has disadvantages. Tree climbing methods are dangerous and require climbing skills. Building a tower or crane in a tropical forest is costly, disturbs the forest ecosystem and limits the research area. Chemical fogging is inadequate for determining the vertical distribution of insects and also disturbs the natural environment. Halle’s air ship system is expensive and requires a large number of staff. Therefore an inexpensive and movable balloon system in combination with attractant traps was developed and the effectiveness of the system was examined in a lowland tropical rain forest canopy in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. The balloons, 2.5 m in diameter, were filled with helium gas for levitation and moored in different directions by three pieces of thin rope. Traps with benzyl acetate and ethanol used as attractants for the pollinators and wood borers respectively were suspended from the balloon at different heights. The balloon system remained effective throughout the ten days that it was in use. The traps yielded beetles from thirteen families, but the dominant flower visiting genera attracted to benzyl acetate were Dasyvalgus, Mecinonota (Scarabaeidae) and Endaeus (Curculionidae), while the dominant wood borer attracted to ethanol was Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Scolytidae). A much larger number of individuals were trapped at 15 m ht. than at 1.5 and 7 m ht., particularly in Dasyvalgus sp.l. The trapping results show that the balloon system can be used for studying canopy insects, especially coleopteran pollinators, and their vertical distribution on a spatial and temporal scale. The vertical distribution pattern obtained by trapping" @default.
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• W2079068040 date "1995-01-01" @default.
• W2079068040 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2079068040 title "How to study the canopy beetles in a tropical rain forest. Research trial in the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia." @default.
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• W2079068040 doi "https://doi.org/10.3759/tropics.4.317" @default.
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