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• W2079116426 abstract "The concentrations of most intermediates of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were measured in livers from juvenile and adult Xenopus laevis. Comparison of the mass action ratios of the enzymes of these pathways with their apparent equilibrium constants suggests that flow through the pathways is most likely to be regulated at the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) or the pyruvate kinase/pyruvate carboxylase + phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) steps. Injection of 10 mg of cortisol/kg daily for 7 days or fasting for up to 130 days had no effect upon the mass action ratio of any enzyme. In juvenile X. laevis fasted for 50 days, liver weight, blood glucose, and liver glycogen all decreased. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) activity increased slightly while G-6-Pase activity decreased. Injection of cortisol (25 mg/kg daily for 7 days) was followed by increases in liver glycogen and blood glucose and in the rate of urea excretion. G-6-Pase activity rose above that in fed toads. These results are consistent with cortisol causing an increase in glucose synthesis, regulated at G-6-Pase. In adult X. laevis fasted for 60 days, hepatic alanine aminotransferase (AAT) activity fell by half but there were no changes in the activity of other enzymes or in the levels of glycolytic intermediates. After 130 days fasting, plasma free fatty acid and urea levels were reduced but there were no changes in plasma glucose or amino acid concentration or in liver or muscle glycogen content. The activities of G-6-Pase, FDPase, AAT, and carbamyl phosphate synthetase were reduced but glutamate dehydrogenase and total PEPCK were unchanged. In fed adult toads, injection of cortisol (10 mg/kg daily for 7 days) had no effect on any of the parameters measured while in toads fasted for 60 days, the only changes following injection of cortisol were increases in the concentration of urea in the plasma and in its rate of excretion, together with an increase in the activity of hepatic PEPCK. The results suggest that the effects of fasting and cortisol injection vary with the age of the animals. Considerable variability in the results, probably attributable to the low metabolic rate of the toads and seasonal effects, may well be masking the effects of administration of cortisol." @default.
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• W2079116426 date "1978-11-01" @default.
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• W2079116426 title "Effects of fasting and cortisol administration on carbohydrate metabolism in Xenopus laevis Daudin" @default.
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• W2079116426 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(78)90116-8" @default.
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