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- W2079252120 abstract "Background: Meningitis is a serious bacterial infection of the meninges often caused by N. meningitides. Epidemics occur in 8-12 year cycles, usually in the dry season, across the African meningitis belt. Serogroup A meningococci are most prevalent. Crowded living conditions facilitate transmission. Ethiopia is along the eastern edge of the meningitis belt and sporadic outbreaks occur. In February 2011, a hospital reported a suspected meningitis outbreak to regional public health emergency officials. We investigated to confirm the etiology and extent of the outbreak and recommend prevention and control measures. Methods: To identify suspected cases a house to house search was conducted in Azedaboo and Zatoshodera kebeles of Kedida gamella woreda from March 4-13, 2011. Health extension workers were interviewed to identify additional cases. We also reviewed patient and laboratory registers at Durame Hospital. From these sources we compiled a line list of suspected cases defined as any person with sudden onset of fever (>38.5 °C rectal or 38.0 °C axillary) and one of the following signs: neck stiffness, flaccid neck, bulging fontanel, convulsion or other meningeal sign. Data were analyzed using Epi Info and MS-Excel. Results: A total of 46 cases and 6 deaths (CFR 13%) occurred over a six-week period from January 18 to March 1, 2011. The median age was 13 years with a range from 5 months to 55 years. More than 80% of the cases were below 30 years of age. Gram stain was conducted on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a sample of 10 cases and 8/10 (80%) contained gram negative diplococcic suggestive of N. meningitides presence; 1/7 (14%) was culture positive for N. meningitides serotype A. Vaccination for meningitis is not routine in the affected area. A prolonged dry season occurred prior to the outbreak and crowded living conditions were documented. Conclusion: A laboratory confirmed outbreak of N.meningitides Serogroup A occurred in Kembata zone of southern Ethiopia. The lack of vaccine, crowded living conditions, and extended dry season may have contributed to the outbreak. Routine vaccination for meningitis should be considered." @default.
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- W2079252120 date "2012-06-01" @default.
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- W2079252120 title "Meningitis outbreak investigation-Kembata zone, Southern Ethiopia, February, 2011" @default.
- W2079252120 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.886" @default.
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