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• W2079370766 abstract "Reports study of the effects on 6 tasks of time of day, extraversion, and self-report arousal. We selected tasks to test processing resource explanations of interactive effects of extraversion and arousal on performance. Significant interactive effects of time of day, extraversion, and arousal on performance consistent with previous research were found with 2 tasks. One of these tasks was attentional (speed of serial reaction), the other required short-term memory (digit span). The interactions we found do not support the common assumption that effects of extraversion on performance are mediated by arousal. Also, the task specificity of the Extraversion × Arousal interactions is inconsistent with existing processing resource theories of personality. An alternative hypothesis, which resolves these difficulties, is that time of day, extraversion, and arousal interactively affect stimulus encoding at an early stage of analysis. A basic finding in personality is the sensitivity of task performance to interactive effects of extraversion and stressors. Typically, extraverts perform better under arousing conditions, but introverts' performance is superior under low arousal (Corcoran, 1965)• H. J. Eysenck (1967) has explained such interactions in terms of the inverted-I.I curve said to relate arousal to performance (Duffy, 1957). Under most conditions, extraversion is negatively correlated with cortical arousal, so that arousing stressors raise arousal to the optimum for performance in extraverts but cause overarousal in introverts. Revelle, Humphreys, Simon, and GiUiland (1980) reported. data inconsistent with the H. J. Eysenck (1967) theory. Their studies showed, first, that interactive effects of extraversion and the stimulant drug caffeine on verbal ability test performance were mediated by the impulsivity rather than the sociability subfactor of extraversion. Second, effects of impulsivity on performance were critically dependent on time of day. In the morning, high impulsives performed better under caffeine, as expected. In the evening, however, caffeine improved the performance of low impulsives but impaired that of high impulsives, contrary to expectation. Revelle et al. claimed that the relation between impulsivity and arousal is dependent on time of day: Low impulsives are more aroused in the morning, high impulsives in the evening. Humphreys and Revelle (1984) elaborated this hypothesis within a cognitive model. In this model, the relation between arousal and task performance depends on the ex" @default.
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• W2079370766 date "1989-04-01" @default.
• W2079370766 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2079370766 title "Interactive effects of extraversion and arousal on attentional task performance: Multiple resources or encoding processes?" @default.
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• W2079370766 doi "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.629" @default.
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