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- W2079475128 endingPage "S12" @default.
- W2079475128 startingPage "S3" @default.
- W2079475128 abstract "γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA is converted from glutamic acid by the action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) of which two isoforms exist GAD65 and GAD67. GABA then is broken down, both within the cell and in the synaptic cleft by GABA transaminase to form succinic semialdehyde. In turn, succinic semialdehyde is converted either to succinic acid by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase or into γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) by succinic semialdehyde reductase. Because GABA modulates the majority of inhibition that is ongoing in the brain, perturbations in GABAergic inhibition have the potential to result in seizures. Therefore, the most common disorder in which GABA is targeted as a treatment is epilepsy. However, other disorders such as psychiatric disease, spasticity, and stiff-person syndrome all have been related to disorders of GABAergic function in the brain. This review covers the roles of GABAergic neurotransmission in epilepsy, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, stiff-person syndrome, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. In the final section of this review, the GABA metabolite GHB is discussed in terms of its physiological significance and its role in epilepsy, sleep disorders, drug and alcohol addiction, and an inborn error of GABA metabolism, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Ann Neurol 2003;54 (suppl 6):S3–S12" @default.
- W2079475128 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2079475128 creator A5026618924 @default.
- W2079475128 creator A5038098492 @default.
- W2079475128 creator A5048484701 @default.
- W2079475128 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W2079475128 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2079475128 title "GABA, ?-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease" @default.
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