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• W2079676475 abstract "DNV GL has developed a comprehensive method for evaluation of carbon dioxide utilisation concepts, evaluating technical, environmental and economic aspects, to select the most robust concepts. The method can be described as life cycle assessment extended with a technical and economic assessment. The paper will demonstrate the methodology using two generic cases. Sequestration of carbon dioxide has been under development for more than two decades, and while the technical feasibility may have been sufficiently demonstrated, reducing costs and preferably making a profit is still high on the agenda. A chemical process where carbon dioxide can be used as a feedstock to produce a valuable product is a desirable pursuit. As of today, apart from carbon dioxide-EOR, all other ways of carbon dioxide utilization are niche markets in terms of volume (e.g. carbon dioxide for refrigeration, for drinks, carbon dioxide to methanol). As carbon dioxide has no chemical energy, any chemical utilisation process would require input of energy. However, the list of asserted promising concepts seems endless: utilisation of solar energy via the natural photosynthesis, e.g. algae, is a common factor in many concepts; imitation of the photosynthesis, using one or several catalysts for chemical absorption of solar energy; utilisation of “waste energy” or reacting carbon dioxide with carbonates to form cement are other assertions amongst many others. Governmental bodies and other financial stakeholders are interested in ensuring the soundness of their support or investment for such projects. There is a need for a methodology that would provide them with the means of assessing viability of the various proposed concepts. Some of the published carbon dioxide utilisation concepts are not feasible either due to sizeable costs or, would require so much space that forestation of the land would be a better option for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, or that the energy required for the process would produce more carbon dioxide than is consumed by the process itself DNV GL proposes a methodology to assess the feasibility of these concepts using well established tools readily applied in other industries for various assessments. These tools are integrated in a manner that provides a user-friendly yet robust approach to evaluate the concepts. For assessing the environmental perspective, Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044) technique can be used to assess cradle-to-grave environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the project. This methodology can be applied to assess if a particular technology is viable from a carbon and energy footprint perspective. For assessing the technical perspective, the Technology Qualification process (DNV-RP-A203) can help identify the novel components of a technology or the unproven applications of the technology as well as the main challenges and uncertainties of the concept. For assessing the economic perspective, an Economic Assessment analysing benefits and costs is applied. The method has been applied to two generic examples; one related to algae production of biofuels; and one related to production of methanol utilising carbon dioxide. The developed methodology can be applied at an early stage of the concept development to evaluate the pros and cons, before an investment decision is made. The tools applied are compatible with each other due to similar boundary conditions, description of the technology, specification of inlet and outlet streams, functional requirements definition etc., and thus allowing for a single combined approach in lieu of various independent studies. Moreover, the single approach will enable better cross-checking of data quality providing a complete picture of the studied concept from a technical, environmental and economic perspective. Indeed selecting a concept that is technically and economically feasible and also has a negative carbon footprint is the challenge when comparing carbon dioxide utilisation concepts. The methodology proposed here provides an integrated solution addressing this challenge, bringing more clarity and transparency in evaluating carbon dioxide utilisation concepts. Applying this methodology will result in a quick, complete and reliable evaluation of such concepts to allow decision makers to make an informed investment decision." @default.
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• W2079676475 date "2014-01-01" @default.
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• W2079676475 title "Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Concepts: A Quick and Complete Methodology" @default.
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• W2079676475 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.837" @default.
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