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• W2079787218 abstract "Abstract Acoustic leak monitors in mechanical contact with components of special interest have clear advantages over many alternatives, in particular for continuous monitoring over time or during specific operations. Non-invasiveness and repeatability are among the most important benefits of this technology. In connection with a delivery of selfcontained, battery operated subsea leak monitors, the technology was demonstrated in a laboratory environment. A 20 subsea valve was fitted with acoustic leak monitors, pressure sensors and a mass flow meter. Artificial damages were made to the valve in three incremental steps. One port was pressurized with nitrogen, and the resulting leakage flow was detected and quantified. Detection thresholds as low as 1 SCM/h were observed in the demonstration. Higher thresholds are however predicted for most field situations. Introduction Leaks in subsea installations are detected by several methods. Bubble plumes due to large gas leakages to the environment can be discovered visually. Dye and fluorescent tracers are used for detecting fluid leaks visually or by sensitive cameras or fluorometers (Teal and Smerdon, 2007). Due to their potential harm to the environment, however, the use of tracers is being phased out in some areas. Chemical analysis of seawater has similar use, based on detection of a substance that has escaped through a leak. Detection of through-valve and cross-flow types of leaks requires a different set of techniques. Static pressure measurements using block-and-bleed methods seem the most common, but can be unpractical and sometimes not sensitive enough to satisfy given specifications. Acoustic methods have been used to some degree, most commonly by means of hydrophones that pick up ultrasound propagating through water from a leak in the vicinity. Susceptibility to noise and limited sensitivity have been two weak points of such hydrophone measurements (Teal and Smerdon, 2007). Another acoustic method for leak detection is performed with ultrasonic sensors in direct contact with the specimen under test. When this method is used, acoustic signals created by turbulent leak flow are picked up directly through the solid structure, eliminating the need for propagation through the strongly attenuating seawater. Although noise from some sources such as ROV thrusters and manipulators may still disturb the measurements intermittently, the direct mechanical contact enables leak detection and continued monitoring with high degrees of sensitivity and repeatability. Permanent or temporary/retrofit leak monitors can be placed at critical locations, either providing real-time leakage data or logging measurement results to internal memory for extended time periods. A number of self-contained, battery operated subsea leak monitors have been delivered for through-valve leakage assessment on a 20 subsea gas line. The devices were purchased for the planned closing of two valves that have not been operated for several years. Due to the configuration and dimensions of the line, hydrostatic pressure measurement cannot be used for verifying the desired maximum leakage rate. Several options have been considered for preventing leaks, e.g., injection of cement or gel sealant. As the non-invasive acoustic leak monitoring solution is deemed more favorable with respect to personnel safety, cost-effectiveness, and future utility of the valves, the leak monitors will be deployed first to verify whether additional operations are needed. The present paper describes briefly a laboratory demonstration that was performed on a 20 ball valve similar to those used on the subsea gas line in question. Damages were inflicted to a valve seat, and the leak flow rates resulting from known differential pressures were measured. The detection results from acoustic leak monitors were compared with the measured leak flow rates." @default.
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• W2079787218 date "2008-10-20" @default.
• W2079787218 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2079787218 title "Leaking Subsea Valves; Identification, Quantification And Monitoring By Using Ultrasonic Systems." @default.
• W2079787218 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/114256-ms" @default.
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