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• W2079846041 abstract "Xylogenesis, the process of wood formation, has fascinated biologists for many years. Not only is it an astonishing feat of natural structural engineering, providing the basis for water transport and support, essential prerequisites for the evolution of modern woody species, but wood is also an important industrial raw material. Its formation is a highly ordered, complex, developmental sequence starting with the division and expansion of cambial derivatives, followed by primary and secondary wall formation, lignification and ultimately cell death. Together these processes involve hundreds of genes, of which only a proportion have been identified and ascribed functions. In an elegant new study, Magnus Hertzberg and colleagues [1xA transcriptional roadmap to wood formation. Hertzberg, M. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 14732–14737Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (300)See all References[1] comprehensively profiled the transcript population across this developmental sequence, providing new insight into the genes governing the structure and synthesis of wood.The authors took 30-μm-thick tangential sections through the cambial region of poplar stems (Populus spp.), spanning five distinct developmental zones (A–E) from the meristem through to mature cells with secondary thickening. The transcript population in each sample was amplified and hybridized to a hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) cDNA microarray of expressed sequence tags. Over the sampled region, 1246 genes exhibited a fourfold differential in expression, whereas hierarchical cluster analysis revealed gene families subject to stage-specific developmental regulation with up to eightfold differentials in expression. The poplar genes ranged from those involved in cell-cycle control, including cyclins showing maximal expression in the cambial meristem and zone of early cell expansion (zones A–B), through enzymes influencing primary cell wall characteristics, such as pectin esterases and pectate lyases (zones A–C), to tubulins involved in the arrangement of the secondary cell wall (zone D) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis (zones D and E). Although many of the expressed sequences were homologous to previously identified genes from other species, their expression profiles reveal valuable information about their relative importance at different stages in xylogenesis and indicate possible unknown additional functions. For example, one of the cyclin homologues, cyclin A, was expressed not only in zones A and B, but throughout the entire developmental sequence, which suggests that it has additional roles in differentiation. Seventy-eight sequences that show no similarity to any database entries and 211 sequences that share significant homology with Arabidopsis genes of unknown function were also differentially expressed during xylem development. This finding illustrates the value of expression profiles that span complete developmental gradients because the kinetics of any given gene's profile should provide important clues as to its function. Furthermore, combining analysis of novel cell-specific transcript profiles with phenotypic analysis of the corresponding Arabidopsis mutants should facilitate functional analysis of these genes and identify new gene targets for the manipulation of wood properties.As the first comprehensive analysis of gene expression spanning an entire developmental process within a multicellular organism, this study represents a model system not only for further investigation of cell wall biosynthesis but also for several other developmental phenomena. The characterization of sequences expressed in the cambial meristem will, for example, facilitate the identification of cellular components that are involved in cell specification, whereas analysis of those expressed beyond the maturation of xylem vessels might help to reveal the molecular and biochemical basis of programmed cell death in plants." @default.
• W2079846041 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2079846041 date "2002-03-01" @default.
• W2079846041 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2079846041 title "Transcript profiling takes a stroll through the wood" @default.
• W2079846041 cites W1969506908 @default.
• W2079846041 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02230-6" @default.
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