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- W2080182285 abstract "Abstract The recently concluded Tokyo Round of GATT trade negotiations resulted in an agreement that can considerably restructure the way nations deal with international trade problems. As in the 1967 Kennedy Round, tariffs have again been significantly cut, by about one-third on average for industrial products. But in addition to the tariff reductions, for the first time in multilateral negotiations very comprehensive agreements have been reached on the manner in which nations will deal with important non-tariff measures that affect trade, including subsidy and countervailing duties, dumping, valuation, standards, government procurement and import licensing. The result is forecast to become a new era in international trade that will be characterized as neither protectionist, nor free trade. Instead, what will be emerging will be an era of ‘managed trade’, with the historical barrier of tariffs largely removed, and the non-tariff measures that operate to distort trade managed by governments to achieve ‘fair’ conditions of international commerce. How this new era of ‘managed trade’ will work out in practice will be determined as case history develops from the national and multilateral dispute settlement procedures established by the agreements. Required will be goodwill on all sides, and an effective collaboration between industry and government. While this article is written with reference to the U.S. plastics industry, it includes data and interpretation important for all industries and for all countries." @default.
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- W2080182285 date "1980-02-01" @default.
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- W2080182285 title "What the new GATT trade agreement means for plastics" @default.
- W2080182285 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(80)90059-x" @default.
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