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- W2080751664 abstract "Earthquakes, volcanic activities and other manifestations of the restlessness of the Earth's interior are not uniformly spread across the African continent, and a basic problem of geodynamics is to explain the occurrence and distribution of these deep-seated processes. A study of the rheological conditions of the materials of the lithosphere under different parts of the continent has been undertaken in order to explain the variations in geological structure across large sections of Africa. Since these rheological properties are intimately bound to the thermal structure of the lithosphere, the temperature-depth relationship for four different zones of the continent has been established, using the surface heat flow value among other factors as a constraint in solving the heat conduction equation. Viscosity/depth profiles have been derived for parts of the African lithosphere from an extrapolation of laboratory data for both linear and non-linear creep laws. Estimates of viscosity range from about 1017 Pa s−1 (i.e. 1018 poise) under the East African Rift Valley system to 1024 Pa s−1 (or 1025 poise) below the West African shield in Niger Republic and Sierra Leone. High temperatures, low densities, low viscosities and high stress gradients characterize the East African Rift Valley areas, the Afar triangle, and some of the ‘swells’, e.g. Tibesti and Jebel Mara. The flow patterns in the upper mantle beneath these areas are grossly similar. The concept of a standard African lithosphere is examined and found to be wanting in view of the degree of heterogeneity in rheological properties. Data from electromagnetic deep soundings, gravity and teleseismic delay time studies are incorporated to present representative models of the lithosphere for the various tectonic regimes of the African continent." @default.
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- W2080751664 date "1985-01-01" @default.
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- W2080751664 title "Rheological properties of parts of the African lithosphere and their geodynamic significance" @default.
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- W2080751664 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(85)80086-5" @default.
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