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• W208104247 abstract "This past year's struggle over immigration policy has caused collateral damage to the technology companies that recruit skilled scientists and engineers from overseas under H-1B H-1B visas allows foreign engineers and scientists to work for sponsoring employers in the United States for three years--extendable to six. also gives recipients the ability to apply for permanent resident status. But the program includes key restrictions: An H-1B holder who leaves or is fired from the organization that obtained the visa for him or her must apply for and receive a different type of non-immigrant visa, find another American employer, or leave the country. And the number of H-1B visas issued each year is limited. In recent years, these companies and their professional societies have lobbied for an overhaul of the H-1B program, one that would increase in the number of such visas and alleviate the difficulty of applying for one. Their efforts have faced repeated failure. Last year brought a partial victory, as the Senate approved an immigration bill that included a significant increase in the number of H-1B However, that bill has met a roadblock in the House of Representatives this year--a roadblock that seems unlikely to be opened. Reacting to the situation in the spring of 2014, President Barack Obama announced plans for a change in the H-1B visa process that will for the first time allow the spouses of skilled immigrants--many of whom also have technical skills--to work in the United States. But that action, although welcome to the high-technology community, represents only a first step toward the complete revamping of the visa process that the sector argues is needed. Administratively, the current system is a nightmare, says Darrell West of the Brookings Institution's Center for Technology Innovation. It is complex, slow, and highly bureaucratic. Even highly educated people have trouble figuring out how to apply for particular visas. Seesawing Numbers The numbers of applicants to and acceptances for the program have seesawed over the years. In the mid-1990s, following several years in which the number of applicants generally fell short of the limit, the program filled up at an increasing rate. In 1998, the government increased the cap to 115,000 per year. Three years later, after applicants overshot even that number, the limit was raised to 198,000. Then, in 2004 the H-1B Visa Reform Act set a fresh annual cap of 65,000 for the basic program. However, it made available another 20,000 visas to allow individuals with Master's degrees or doctorates from American universities to work in the country. In addition, it excludes foreign nationals working at universities, nonprofit research organizations associated with universities, and government research institutions from the total limit of 85,000. In recent years, the program has become akin to a lottery. In 2006, the number of applications for the 2007 fiscal year visas reached the cap within two months of the start of the application process. A year later, the limit was reached in a single day. In 2014, it took just five days to hit the cap. Those numbers persuaded the Senate to increase the overall cap to 185,000 in the legislation that it passed but remains blocked in the House of Representatives. As the technology industry sees it, a major reason for the Senate's bill is that outsourcing firms have dominated H-1B awards in recent years. According to a study by public policy professor Ron Hira of the Rochester Institute of Technology, such firms accounted for all but one of the top 10 companies that received the most H-1B visas in fiscal year 2013; Microsoft was the sole exception. Replacing American-Born Employees? …" @default.
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• W208104247 date "2014-09-01" @default.
• W208104247 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W208104247 title "High-Tech Industry Faces the Immigration Issue" @default.
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