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- W2081672009 abstract "AbstractNegated words take longer to recognize than non-negated words following sentences with negation, suggesting that negated concepts are less active. The present experiments tested the possibility that this reduced activation would not persist beyond immediate testing. Experiment 1 used a probe task and materials similar to those used in previous research but manipulated the timing of the probe. The negation effect was present at 0 ms, replicating previous studies, but not at 500 ms or 1,000 ms, suggesting that unlicensed negated concepts are initially reduced in activation but then reactivated by presuppositional processing. Experiment 2 produced similar results when activation was measured during ongoing comprehension and reading time was controlled, and Experiment 3 demonstrated that these effects occur when negation is unlicensed but not when it is licensed. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduced activation seen from unlicensed negation is short-lived. AcknowledgmentsExperiment 1 was part of a master's thesis conducted at the University of Arkansas by KSA under the direction of WHL.Portions of these data were presented at the 24th Annual CUNY Sentence Processing Conference, Stanford, CA, March 24–26, 2011, and at the 16th Annual Conference on Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing, York, UK, September 6–8, 2010.We thank Ally Burton, Lukas Chupp, Audrey Dunn, Katherine Hutchins, Alicia Small, Erica Tadlock, Marissa Tyson, and Austin Whitesell for their assistance with stimulus preparation and data collection and Joel Hagaman for his comments on an early draft of this article. Maryellen MacDonald, Mante Nieuwland, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism on prior versions of the manuscript.Notes1 It is worth noting that although the negated concept should be reduced in activation, it should still be more active than an unmentioned baseline (see ironic suppression, e.g., Wegner & Erber, 1992).2 This is translated from the original German used by Kaup (Citation2001).3 Two items had no correct, non-outlying observations in the Noun2 Negated, 1,000-ms delay condition, resulting in the loss of 2 df.Additional informationFundingSupport for this research was provided by National Science Foundation Grant BCS-0617419 to WHL." @default.
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- W2081672009 title "Presupposition Processing and the (Re)activation of Negated Concepts" @default.
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- W2081672009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2013.871192" @default.
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