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• W208335987 endingPage "160" @default.
• W208335987 startingPage "111" @default.
• W208335987 abstract "The sorption of nonionic organic compounds and pesticides on soil is here related to solute and solvent properties and to the following soil characteristics: organic matter content, mineral matter, and moisture content. A wide range of sorption behavior can be accounted for by considering the soil to be a dual sorbent, in which the mineral fraction of the soil functions as a conventional solid adsorbent and the organic matter functions as a partition medium. In aqueous systems, adsorption on mineral matter is suppressed by water, and the uptake by soil consists primarily of solute partitioning into the organic matter; this model agrees with the observed dependence of uptake by soil on soil organic matter content, the linearity of the isotherms, the small heat of soil sorption, and the absence of competition between solutes. By contrast, sorption from nonpolar organic solvents on dry soils is attributed to adsorption on soil minerals. Here the specific interaction of the adsorbate polar groups overcomes the weaker adsorptive competition by the (nonpolar) solvents, while the partition effect into soil organic matter is minimized by the relatively high solvency of the medium. Soil uptake from nonpolar solvents is depressed by soil moisture and approaches zero when the soil becomes fully saturated with water. The markedly higher sorption of organic vapors by dry and subsaturated soils, relative to that by wet soils, is ascribed to mineral adsorption, which predominates over the simultaneous uptake by partitioning into the organic matter, in which the mineral adsorptivity is influenced by the clay type and content. An increase of ambient humidity or soil moisture sharply depresses the vapor uptake because of adsorptive displacement by water on mineral surfaces. A small residual vapor uptake on water-saturated soil is attributed to the partitioning into the soil organic phase, which is similar to sorption by soil from aqueous systems. The effect of humidity on the activity and toxicity of nonionic organic pesticides in soil can be accounted for by the effect of humidity on sorption of the pesticide. The transport and fate of similar organic pollutants in the environment should likewise be influenced by ambient humidity." @default.
• W208335987 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W208335987 creator A5027235329 @default.
• W208335987 date "2015-11-02" @default.
• W208335987 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W208335987 title "Roles of Organic Matter, Minerals, and Moisture in Sorption of Nonionic Compounds and Pesticides by Soil" @default.
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• W208335987 doi "https://doi.org/10.2136/1990.humicsubstances.c6" @default.
• W208335987 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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