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• W2083643492 abstract "A long-term fluoroscopic study was performed on pregnant ewes over several lambing seasons to determine the nature of sheep fetal behaviour. This study led to the recognition of the phenomenon of fetal pandiculation, which is essentially similar to the post-natal pandiculation now seen as a comparative phenomenon of systematic stretching. The characteristic features of fetal pandiculation have now been studied in general form and as specific components in the fetuses of 22 ewes. Thirty-three events of full pandiculation were detected in 25 episodes in 222 observations. The extant definition of pandiculation was used as the frame of reference for the phenomenon as follows: “An instinctive movement, consisting in the extension of the legs, the raising and stretching of the arms and the throwing back of the head and trunk, accompanied by yawning”. In addition, extension of the axial skeleton and vigour were taken as further definitive features of full pandiculation. The phenomenon has both form and composition. In form, various salient features can be identified as typical. In the order approximating their consistency of expression in the phenomenon, they include: (I) pattern; (II) direction; (III) elongation and extension; (IV) polarity; (V) episodic occurrence. Since these features occur in the majority of cases, they can be taken as identifying the general form of major pandiculation. No episode of fetal pandiculation incorporated all of the characteristic components. A score was made of the numbers of components occurring per episode; scores ranged from 6 to 8, to a maximum of 9. The modal average was 7. Additional features included: (a) temporal distribution — distribution was even throughout the period of gestation studied (2–20 days pre-partum); (b) incidence per fetus — full pandiculation was usually encountered in each fetus on only one or two occasions; (c) partial pandiculation — this was recognised when the components were reduced in expression of vigour or in number. Partial, incomplete and minor pandiculations collectively numbered 63, and exceeded full pandiculations in incidence. Fetal pandiculation could be related to the ends of fetal somnolent states and may be a marker of transitional phases between sleep and alert states. It can therefore indicate that the phasic nature of fetal processes is being sustained normally and may thus indicate that the status of the fetus is satisfactory in general respects. Viewed in a wider, comparative light, fetal pandiculation could be regarded as a simple signal of adequate well-being which could be identified by non-invasive methods. It is clear that the phenomenon calls for appropriate attention in further work. The pursuit of research into fetal behaviour can be a profitable branch of fetology." @default.
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• W2083643492 date "1989-09-01" @default.
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• W2083643492 title "The phenomenon of pandiculation in the kinetic behaviour of the sheep fetus" @default.
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• W2083643492 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(89)90044-0" @default.
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