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• W2083710874 abstract "READERS readily identify Zola with his naturalism, the literary science aimed at penetrating the cadavre du coeur humain and a siecle de nerfs (Mes Haines). Scholars of the Quatre Evangiles just as readily concur that Zola shifted away from naturalism after Le Docteur Pascal, submitting that the last novels represent a forward-looking dream of republican progress, or at the very least, as Jacques Noiray carefully terms it, version attendrie du naturalisme (142). If the novel has garnered a reputation as utopian, it is in part due to the author's own pronouncements in the first ebauche of Fecondite: Je songe que si j'ai une partie utopique a la fin, il faut que je la base sur une meilleure distribution de la richesse, l'egalite economique etablie comme l'egalite politique. Une democratie ou les moeurs sont simples (et belles) et ou chacun est a sa place (10.301, folio 547). (1) Preoccupied with the creation of an archetypal, humanitarian city of the future, this novel clearly dreams, (2) as Zola intended it should, according to the oft-cited letter to Octave Mirbeau in 1899: Voici quarante ans que je disseque, il faut bien permettre a mes vieux jours de rever un peu (qtd. in Cogny, 14). Fecondite imagines a bountiful agrarian society founded on republican ideals and combating the pathologies associated with urban life in a modern industrial setting. It envisions a republique en marche in which motherhood, held among the highest of principles alongside truth and justice, forms the basis for a new matrilineal paradigm of human lineage. (3) It proposes a secular gospel intended to bridge the gap between dreams of progress and real progress. Fascinating, then, that Fecondite contains only one ostensible reference to utopia, appearing on the last of approximately five hundred of dense prose. The passage states: Et le divin reve, l'utopie genereuse vole a plein ciel, la famille fondue dans la nation, la nation fondue dans l'humanite, un seul peuple fraternel faisant du monde une cite unique de paix, de verite et de justice (502). That progress should be sung in the final book of Fecondite through a grandiose and rather troubling portrayal of French imperialism complicates the picture even further. Indeed, when read through the prism of these so-called 'African pages,' the lyrical refrains closing many of the thirty chapters that comprise the novel, appear to be a textual incantation of a colonizing semantics, one which Zola unselfconsciously assimilates to the mythical dimension of his fiction. One is thus led to wonder to what extent the novel may be considered truly utopian, or in what respects it might be understood rather to echo both contemporary discourses on French colonial policy and late nineteenth-century attitudes about race. In his article, L'Afrique utopique de Fecondite, Jean-Marie Seillan proposes compelling arguments for considering these pages africaines neither purely utopian nor historically accurate, as naturalism might have wanted it: Ni franche utopie, ni tableau credible du monde colonial, le Soudan zolien flotte dans un espace habite surtout de (202). While it is true that Zola's colonial tableau omits history, the contradictions of these nevertheless manage to reflect the cultural setting and the plurality of ideological and political trends within France at the end of the nineteenth century, specifically on the question of the colonies. Sharing the conviction of literary historians like David Shalk and the late Eric Cahm, that literature works ambivalently to document an ambivalent historical past, this study rereads the African of Fecondite against the backdrop of Republican ideologies of the 1890s. By considering what Zola appropriates and internalizes of colonial politics during the Third Republic, perhaps we can recreate a picture of an end-of-century outside of decadence, which has been the traditional and somewhat restricted focus of studies of this period. …" @default.
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• W2083710874 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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• W2083710874 title "The 'African Pages' of Zola's <i>Fécondité</i>: Testimony to Colonial Politics and Attitudes about Race during the French Third Republic" @default.
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• W2083710874 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/rmc.2006.0000" @default.
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