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• W2084396680 abstract "UV light is a major risk factor for skin cancer development (Essen and Klar, 2006Essen L.O. Klar T. Light-driven DNA repair by photolyases.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006; 63: 1266-1277Crossref PubMed Scopus (130) Google Scholar). The mechanisms by which UV leads to cancer formation are complex and appear not to be limited solely to UV-induced DNA damage. UV induces immune suppression, which is associated with increased skin cancer formation, as evidenced by the increased cancer risk in immunosuppressed transplant patients (Bergstresser, 1983Bergstresser P.R. Ultraviolet radiation produces selective immune incompetence.J Invest Dermatol. 1983; 81: 85-86Crossref PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar; Ulrich and Stockfleth, 2007Ulrich C. Stockfleth E. Azathioprine, UV light, and skin cancer in organ transplant patients—do we have an answer?.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007; 22: 1027-1029Crossref PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar). Therefore, protection against UV-induced immune suppression may have clinical benefits. In this issue, Damian et al., 2008Damian D.L. Patterson C.R.S. Stapelberg M. Park J. Barnetson R.S. Halliday G.M. UV radiation-induced immunosuppression is greater in men and prevented by topical nicotinamide.J Invest Dermatol. 2008; 128: 447-454Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (157) Google Scholar explore the potential role of topical nicotinamide in preventing UV immunosuppression in humans, based on animal models to prevent UV-induced immune suppression. Using volunteers with a positive Mantoux test (purified protein derivative positive from Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination), the authors studied the ability of topical nicotinamide to prevent UVB immune suppression and the mechanisms by which this occurred. They found that when nicotinamide was applied either before or after UV exposure (simulating normal sunlight exposure), the typically encountered immune suppression was reduced. Additionally, men were more sensitive to UV-light-induced immune suppression, which the investigators concluded may account, in part, for the greater incidence of skin cancer and skin cancer mortality in men. Nicotinamide did not work as a sunscreen but rather, as suggested by microarray analysis, as a mechanism that may include alterations in complement, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Through the following questions we will delve into this paper in greater detail. For brief answers, please refer to http://network.nature.com/group/jidclub. 1.What are the major findings of the study?2.Why is UV-induced immunosuppression important to cancer development?3.Were the UV doses given in this study appropriate?4.Is nicotinamide a sunscreen?5.By what proposed mechanisms does nicotinamide work?6.Were the gender differences observed in this study believable?7.What may be the clinical implications of this article? SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL February 2008 Journal Club: Topical Nicotinamide Prevents UV Immunosuppression -- Answers Download .pdf (.11 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary MaterialFebruary 2008 Journal Club: Topical Nicotinamide Prevents UV Immunosuppression -- Answers" @default.
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• W2084396680 title "Topical Nicotinamide Prevents UV Immunosuppression" @default.
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• W2084396680 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5701230" @default.
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