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- W2084453345 abstract "Proposal With natural gas emerging as a critical energy source, industry is placing significant effort into reducing the cost of commercializing gas resources.Since many resources are located far from markets, one area of particular interest has been gas transportation. Advancements in both pipelines and LNG continue to improve the economics for these conventional methods of gas transportation.In addition, new concepts are being investigated to potentially improve the economics of commercializing remotely located gas resources. ExxonMobil has developed a new gas transportation technology called Pressurized Liquefied Natural Gas (PLNG) that has the potential to reduce the costs of delivering gas in some applications. The PLNG concept utilizes specially designed containers integrated into a ship to store LNG under moderate pressures. Conventional LNG ships transport gas with no applied pressure at -160°C, whereas gas transported in a PLNG ship is under 17 bar of pressure at -115°C.A large portion of the investment for a LNG development is in the gas treating and liquefaction at the export plant. The increase in the liquefaction temperature for PLNG reduces the required refrigeration horsepower. In addition, the gas treating requirements are less stringent because higher concentrations of some components, such as CO2, can be tolerated at the higher PLNG temperatures. The result is approximately a 50% reduction in the facilities. A key PLNG advantage, along with the savings in facilities costs, is the smaller export plant footprint that facilitates offshore deployment on a ship or barge.The implications can be significant for offshore developments or in areas where onshore construction costs are prohibitive. In order for this concept to be realized, ExxonMobil researchers developed a new high strength, low temperature (HSLT) steel and welding consumable for the containers. After the necessary properties were obtained from the steel plate and welds, a commercial fabricator constructed a prototype container in their facility using the new materials and welding procedures to further verify the manufacturing feasibility. Shipyards and fabricators from around the world have evaluated the base ship design and provided cost estimates. Conceptual designs for both the import and export terminals leverage existing LNG technology with the necessary modifications to handle the pressure. The completion of the prototype fabrication and the development of the conceptual designs of the ship, terminals, and facilities established the technical viability of PLNG. With a suite of gas transportation options, ExxonMobil can consider a broad range of development concepts and select the optimum for a specific application." @default.
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- W2084453345 date "2005-03-12" @default.
- W2084453345 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2084453345 title "Pressurized LNG: A Paradigm Shift in Gas Transportation" @default.
- W2084453345 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/93633-ms" @default.
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