FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2084920273> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2084920273 endingPage "279" @default.
• W2084920273 startingPage "272" @default.
• W2084920273 abstract "Summary The Wafra field is located in the partitioned neutral zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The field produces oil from the Ratawi oolite reservoir, which has been under production since 1956. Barriers to fluid movement have severely restricted aquifer support to the overlying carbonate grainstone reservoir, leading to production-induced pressure depletion and low recovery rates. Creative integration of three-dimensional seismic aspects, well log stratigraphy, and engineering analysis revealed an unexploited reservoir extension that is more open to aquifer pressure support. Wells drilled along this extension are expected to yield higher initial production rates and longer sustained production. The model was used to drill two successful step-out wells that have increased field production by over 12,000 BOPD. Eight of ten additional wells have now been drilled as a follow-up to this success. This paper reviews the case history with a focus on the multidisciplinary integration that led to opportunity identification and exploitation. Introduction The Wafra field, jointly operated by Saudi Arabian Texaco and the Kuwait Oil Company, is located in the partitioned neutral zone (PNZ) between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Fig. 1). The field has produced from the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi reservoir since 1956. Liquid withdrawal over the years has depleted reservoir pressures in some parts of the field, leading to a decline in production. Based on prior reservoir characterization and simulation studies in 1995,1 a peripheral water injection and an extension development program have been undertaken in order to arrest the decline and increase the production by over 40,000 BOPD.2 In 1996, a 104 sq mile three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey was acquired to help design and implement these programs. Structural and Stratigraphic Framework The Wafra field is a large anticline approximately 6 by 10 miles in dimension (Fig. 2). The field is composed of a main NW-SE trending structural feature called the Main area, and a lower amplitude extension area east of the Main area called East Wafra. The Ratawi oolite reservoir is found at a depth of 6,135 ft subsea at the structural crest and had an original oil-water contact at about 6,520 ft subsea. Most of the structuring occurred in Middle Cretaceous time as sediment draped over deep-seated horst blocks. Oil migration and accumulation are thought to have occurred primarily in Early Eocene time. The Ratawi formation consists of a marine transgressive sequence of carbonate rocks deposited during Early Cretaceous time. The formation is composed of three distinct intervals: the lower-most Ratawi oolite reservoir, and the overlying Ratawi Limestone and Ratawi Shale cap rocks (Fig. 3). The Ratawi oolite reservoir was formed by a prograding carbonate sand shoaling sequence deposited on a low-angle carbonate ramp or detached platform. The commercially productive reservoir interval is composed primarily of porous grainstones and packstones. Less porous packstone, mudstone, and wackestone facies resulted from a more-restricted lagoonal environment in the central part of the field, and deeper marine shelf facies on the platform boundaries. Stratigraphic analysis of well log data provides an understanding of the depositional framework and serves as a basis for modeling facies distribution within the reservoir. Fig. 4a is a well log cross section traversing the Main area and East Wafra along the path A-B in Fig. 2. The gamma ray (GR) log curves are flattened on the base of the Ratawi limestone (cap rock) and span the interval of the Ratawi oolite reservoir. The GR curves indicate a remarkable character similarity from well to well that is almost exclusively related to the presence of uranium minerals.1 This determination is supported by x-ray analysis of core data that found an absence of clay. Additional evidence is found in comparisons of the GR (uranium, potassium and thorium) with the computed GR (potassium and thorium) from spectrometry gamma ray logs. The computed GR data show a largely diminished log character, implying that the GR log character is largely a function of uranium content. Hence, the correlative nature of the GR curves indicates that the uranium was present at the time of deposition—probably due to regional-scale climatic or environmental influences such as atmospheric fall-out from volcanic activity. This explains the consistent levels of uranium, independent of lithology and porosity, and allows detailed chronostratigraphic correlations to be made. Fig. 4b is an east-west stratigraphic cross section through the reservoir along the same path as in Fig. 4a, showing porosity logs with GR depositional time lines superimposed. The thick solid lines mark lithostratigraphic boundaries between an interval consisting primarily of porous grainstone, which for purposes of this paper will be referred to as the upper reservoir, a tight interval of predominantly mudstone and packstone, referred to as the Basal barrier, and a porous grainstone interval called the lower reservoir. Almost all of the Ratawi oil production is from the upper reservoir grainstones. The chronostratigraphic facies heterogeneity evident in Fig. 4b owes its origin to a transgressive sequence of prograding grain shoals deposited in relatively shallow water.3 During the early stages of transgression, as the shoals prograded over the Wafra paleo-high, muds and finer grain carbonates were deposited in intershoal lagoons. As the sea level rose, carbonate sediment productivity and accumulation surpassed the rise in sea level, resulting in an overall shallowing with time. Evidence of this can be seen in the general coarsening upward character of the porosity logs. With progressively shallower water depths and associated higher depositional energy, the grain shoals became spatially more extensive while the lagoonal areas retreated, ending in fairly expansive grain shoals in the later stages of reservoir development. At the end of Ratawi oolite time, a rapid increase in relative sea level drowned the shoaling sequence, and deposited the deeper marine Ratawi limestone and shale members." @default.
• W2084920273 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2084920273 creator A5065495729 @default.
• W2084920273 creator A5069959392 @default.
• W2084920273 creator A5072010886 @default.
• W2084920273 creator A5082760743 @default.
• W2084920273 date "2000-06-01" @default.
• W2084920273 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2084920273 title "Identification and Exploitation of a High-Producing Field Extension With Integrated Reservoir Analysis" @default.
• W2084920273 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/64533-pa" @default.
• W2084920273 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
• W2084920273 type Work @default.
• W2084920273 sameAs 2084920273 @default.
• W2084920273 citedByCount "4" @default.
• W2084920273 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2084920273 hasAuthorship W2084920273A5065495729 @default.
• W2084920273 hasAuthorship W2084920273A5069959392 @default.
• W2084920273 hasAuthorship W2084920273A5072010886 @default.
• W2084920273 hasAuthorship W2084920273A5082760743 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C116834253 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C127313418 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C14641988 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C199360897 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C202444582 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C2778029271 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C59822182 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C78762247 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConcept C9652623 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C116834253 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C127313418 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C127413603 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C14641988 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C199360897 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C202444582 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C2778029271 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C33923547 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C41008148 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C59822182 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C78762247 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C86803240 @default.
• W2084920273 hasConceptScore W2084920273C9652623 @default.
• W2084920273 hasIssue "03" @default.
• W2084920273 hasLocation W20849202731 @default.
• W2084920273 hasOpenAccess W2084920273 @default.
• W2084920273 hasPrimaryLocation W20849202731 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W1973649218 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W1987643738 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2012495791 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2037612818 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2053202605 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2053340275 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2079122279 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2081965460 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2088911439 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2279176158 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2367026845 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2478516705 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2530209278 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2766278972 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2900437004 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2906761419 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2921013685 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W2972528114 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W3002327584 @default.
• W2084920273 hasRelatedWork W3148052827 @default.
• W2084920273 hasVolume "3" @default.
• W2084920273 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2084920273 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2084920273 magId "2084920273" @default.
• W2084920273 workType "article" @default.