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• W2085203473 abstract "AIAA Paper 2000-2099Investigation of Density Fluctuations in Supersonic Free JetsAnd Correlation with Generated NoiseJ. Panda*Modem Technologies Corporation, Middleburg Hts., OH 44130R. G. SeasholtzNASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135AbstractThe air density fluctuations in the plumes of fully-expanded, unheated flee jets were investigatedexperimentally using a Rayleigh scattering basedtechnique. point measuring technique used acontinuous wave laser, fiber-optic transmission andphoton counting electronics. radial and centerlineprofiles of time-averaged density and root-mean-squaredensity fluctuation provided a comparative descriptionof jet growth. To measure density fluctuation spectra atwo-Photomultiplier tube technique was used. Cross-correlation the two PMT signals significantlyreduced electronic shot noise contribution. Turbulentdensity fluctuations occurring up to a Slrouhal number(St) of 2.5 were resolved. A remarkable feature ofdensity spectra, obtained from the same locations of jetsin 0.5< M__l.5 range, is a constant Strouhal frequencyfor peak fluctuations. A detailed survey at Machnumbers M = 0.95, 1.4 and 1.8 showed that, in general,distribution of various Strouhal frequency fluctuationsremained similar for the three jets. In spite of thesimilarity in the flow fluctuation the noise characteristicswere found to be significantly different. Spark schlierenphotographs and near field microphone measurementsconfirmed that the eddy Math wave radiation waspresent in Math 1.8 jet, and was absent in Math 0.95 jet.To measure correlation the flow and the farfield sound pressure fluctuations, a microphone was keptat a distance of 50 diameters, 30 ° to the flow direction,and the laser probe volume was moved from point topoint in the flow. density fluctuations in theperipheral shear layer of Math 1.8 jet showed significantcorrelation up to the measurement limit of Sr = 2.5,while for Math 0.95 jet no correlation was measured.I. INTRODUCTIONThe work presented in this paper addresses the issue ofnoise generation from supersonic free jets. closingof the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) program haspointed out the technological advances needed in thisarena for the success of a future supersonic, civilianaircraft. In addition, more stringent government andcommunity requirements for aircraft noise is creating afurther challenge to reduce noise emission from thecurrent subsonic fleet. So far various experimentalefforts depend on a cut-and-try approach, where oneprimarily looks for a change in the far field soundspectrum after making a new nozzle. A more science-based approach is to look for a change in the noisesources and therein lies the difficulty of the cu/rentexperimental and computational techniques. In spite ofthe significant advances in the computational techniques,handling complex nozzle geometries and practicalReynolds numbers have remained a challenge. Thetheoretical background for noise emission by supersonicjets has been established in the past through the work ofLighthill (1954), Phillips (1960), Lilley (1972) and others.Although the recent DNS simulations (Freund 1998,Colonius eta/. 1997) have successfully quantified theLighthill stress tensor and the quadrupole sources, albeitfor a simple geomelry and very low Reynolds number, thesame cannot be said of the experimental work. Directmeasurement of these terms has remained an unattainablegoal. Even at an elementary level, simple turbulencestatistics for compressible flows are difficult to measure.Smits & Dussauge (1996), in a recent book on turbulentshear layers, write: The form of spec_m in compressibleturbulence is still unknown. present work at firstAlong the centerline measurable correlation was found takes on _e task ofmeas_g turbulence spectra,from the end of the potential core and at the low specifically density fluctuation spectra, using a Rayleighfrequency range (Sr < 0.5). Usually the normalizedcorrelation values increased with an increase of the jetMath number. experimental data point out eddyMath waves as a strong source of sound generation insupersonic jets and fail to locate the primary noisemechanism in subsonic jets.scattering based technique. This is followed by a directcorrelation study between the cause and the effect _ R" @default.
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• W2085203473 date "2000-06-12" @default.
• W2085203473 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2085203473 title "Investigation of density fluctuations in supersonic free jets and correlation with generated noise" @default.
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• W2085203473 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-2099" @default.
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