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• W2085757429 abstract "The electron beam from the medical betatron at this institution was successfully extracted in March 1950. It was reproducible in quality and quantity without difficulty for a variety of physical and animal experiments, and was first applied to man in March 1951, at energy levels up to slightly above 19 mev. The Siemens 6-mev betatron had been used previously by the Göttingen group (1, 5, 6, 8, 9) for extensive biological investigations and for therapy of superficial lesions, most of which were treated below the 6-mev rating of the machine. Since there is no essential physical difference between 6-mev and 20-mev electrons aside from depth of penetration, no marked difference in biological effectiveness or biological results was expected in our experience. The data from the lower-energy ranges could not, however, be transferred directly to our higher-energy ranges without a practical evaluation, because of the possible influence of different depth distributions and volume doses. Kepp (5) found the electron beam more effective on human skin than 200-kv. x-rays and attributed this to the fast subsurface dose increase with 2-to 5-mev electrons. He also found that increase in electron energy enhanced the effect. Bode, Paul, and Theismann (1) verified Kepp's findings, but Schubert (9) emphasized that there was no difference in biological effectiveness between 2 and 5 mev. Preliminary animal experiments had indicated that the LD 50/30-day dose for 28-day-old male albino rats was 770 r, with 19-mev electrons with upper and lower confidence limits of 835 rand 710 r for 19/20 probability; 750 r with 23-mev betatron x-ray beam, with upper and lower confidence limits of 810 rand 695 r; and 600 r with the 400-kv. x-ray beam, with upper and lower confidence limits of 645 rand 558 r (2). Studies on lymphoid tissue effects in rats had also indicated that the highenergy electron beam was significantly less active quantitatively than conventional x-ray beams (2). The graying of hair in mice exposed to 200-kv. peak x-rays, 22-mev peak x-rays, and 18 mev electrons has been compared by Quastler et al. (4, 7), who determined that for this reaction the effectiveness of the high-energy x-rays and highenergy electrons was the same, being approximately 0.7 that of the 200-kv. x-rays. The values of r used here refer to determinations by a Victoreen thimble chamber surrounded with a sufficient additional thickness of air equivalent absorber to obtain electronic equilibrium. For the three qualities of radiation employed, a similar measurement means a similar energy dose within an uncertainty of about ±10 per cent. Differences between ratios of biological effectiveness up to ±10 per cent may not be significant, but beyond ±10 per cent they cannot be ascribed entirely to physical dosimetry." @default.
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• W2085757429 date "1954-06-01" @default.
• W2085757429 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W2085757429 title "Biological Effectiveness of High-Speed Electron Beam in Man" @default.
• W2085757429 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/62.6.845" @default.
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