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• W2085809462 abstract "A Tale of Two “Sisters”: Public and Private Lives at Bryn Mawr and Wellesley, 1875–1930 Lynn D. Gordon (bio) Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz. The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. xxi + 457 pp. Notes and index. $30.00. Patricia Ann Palmieri. In Adamless Eden: The Community of Women Faculty at Wellesley. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. xxi 268 pp. Notes and index. $35.00. The initial development of women’s history as a branch of social history led to many benefits for the field — for example an emphasis on research dealing with “ordinary” women — but also to some disadvantages, especially a lack of attention to women’s higher education. The work of Ellen Fitzpatrick (Endless Crusade: Women, Social Scientists, and Reform, 1990), Rosalind Rosenberg (Beyond Separate Spheres: Intellectual Roots of Modern Feminism, 1982), and Margaret Rossiter (Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940, 1982) introduced us to the study of women intellectuals and academics. Yet we still know very little about how such women functioned within educational institutions, and how they balanced the public and private aspects of their lives. Two new books, one a biography of Bryn Mawr College’s famous president, M. Carey Thomas (1894–1922), the other a collective portrait of the all-female academic community at Wellesley College from its founding in 1875 to the 1930s, address these and other themes, providing vivid descriptions and insightful analyses of these women as pioneers of both personal and professional lifestyles. Scholars such as M. Carey Thomas and members of the Wellesley faculty were among the first American women to attend full-fledged colleges and, in some cases, prestigious graduate institutions. They chose demanding careers in scholarship, teaching, and administration, refusing to marry and thereby risk subordinating their freedom to the demands of traditional family life. Many also created lasting family relationships, intimate friendships, and partnerships with other women. Horowitz and Palmieri represent this group of women, born between 1850 and 1875, as breaking away from the norms and values of sentimental [End Page 61] Victorian womanhood and middle-class domesticity. Most scholars have adopted Jane Addams’s view that the “family claim” impeded women’s ambitions. Society expected married women to tend their husbands and children; while unmarried women should be “the daughters at home,” caring for younger siblings and aging parents. Yet Palmieri argues persuasively that the fathers and mothers of the Wellesley women provided unusual educational opportunities, did not insist that domestic work or social obligations take precedence over intellectual pursuits, embraced religious views encouraging women’s social activism, and did not pressure them to marry. Several Wellesley faculty lived near the campus with families, mothers, and/or sisters throughout their academic careers. A different picture of “family culture,” one dominated by religious repression, emerges from Horowitz’s examination of the relationships between Carey Thomas and her prominent Quaker family, who took pride in their daughter’s strength and intelligence, but feared for her immortal soul. Horowitz traces the religious struggles between parents and daughter from Carey Thomas’s youngest years to her time at the Howland School, her undergraduate days at Cornell, and finally during her years of graduate work in Europe, 1879–1883. Thomas chafed at the restrictions her parents’ beliefs imposed upon her and resisted their attempts to effect her conversion. To their dismay, she became intensely attached to theatre, art, and literature, eschewing Quaker simplicity for richly beaded dresses, cashmere bed covers, and the ministrations of servants, provided by her wealthy women friends. Still, Horowitz recognizes Thomas’s continued dependence upon her family and their connections. Her grandmother, uncle, and parents gave her financial support and their reluctant assent for study and travel. She seems never to have sought a position other than at Bryn Mawr, despite knowing she would have to give the appearance, at least, of religious observance and fight the trustees constantly to sustain her vision of women’s higher education within the college. She particularly relied on the good will of her uncle, a Bryn Mawr trustee, for the board’s approval of her plans. Family life and religion thus meant different things to M. Carey Thomas and..." @default.
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• W2085809462 title "A Tale of Two "Sisters": Public and Private Lives at Bryn Mawr and Wellesley, 1875-1930" @default.
• W2085809462 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.1996.0009" @default.
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